Biochemistry & Microbiology

• Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) is a simple hexose monosaccharide (single sugar monomer), not a polymer.
• Pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are complex carbohydrate polymers (polysaccharides) made of linked sugar units.
• (Note: While lignin is an aromatic polymer of phenylpropane units, in biological classification of sugars vs monomers, Glucose is unambiguously a simple monosaccharide).
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Chickpea leaves and pods possess glandular hairs that secrete an acidic exudate composed of 90% to 96% Malic acid and 4% to 10% Oxalic acid.

This gives the leaves a sour taste and acts as a natural defensive chemical against insect pests.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by fragile capillaries, bleeding gums, loose teeth, delayed wound healing, and joint pains.

Amla, guava, and citrus fruits are rich sources of Vitamin C.