Why was Drosophila melanogaster used for experimental studies in... | Agrigyan

Analysis of statements:

• Statement I is correct: Ladybird beetles control aphids, dragonflies control mosquitoes, and free-living Trichoderma fungal species are very common in root ecosystems and act as effective biocontrol agents against several soil-borne fungal pathogens.
• Statement II is correct: Biocontrol uses natural predation rather than chemicals, substantially reducing toxic pesticide pollution in soils and water bodies.

Hugo de Vries put forth his idea of mutation based on his extensive hybridization experiments on the evening primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana). He proposed that large single-step mutations (saltations) are the causative agents of evolutionary speciation.

Matching of Assisted Reproductive Technologies:

• ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer): Zygote or early embryo up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube (A-III).
• IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): Semen collected from husband or donor is artificially introduced into the uterus of female (B-I).
• GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer): Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one (C-IV).
• ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies): Inclusive umbrella term for specialized clinical procedures assisting infertile couples (D-II).