Reproduction

Diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults are barrier methods made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus to prevent sperm entry.

Sterilization (vasectomy in males and tubectomy in females) is a surgical, permanent/terminal method of contraception, not a barrier method.

'Saheli'—the new oral contraceptive for females developed by scientists at CDRI Lucknow—is a non-steroidal preparation (centchroman). It is taken 'once a week' after an initial regimen, has very high contraceptive value, and shows very few side effects.

In Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) technology, a genetically superior cow is administered hormones with FSH-like activity (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) to induce follicular maturation and superovulation (producing 6-8 eggs per cycle instead of the normal one).