Which of the following combinations of the premises of 'Gamete Selection' in plant breeding is the correct one?
(A) Multiparent crosses are required for simultaneous improvements of multiple traits.
(B) The male parents of the final crosses are heterozygous and hence heterogametic.
(C) Each zygotic seed is a product of a separate, independent fertilization event.
(D) Gametic selection is an effective method to isolate an inbred for hybrid breeding.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा संयोजन सही है?
(A) कई लक्षणों में एक साथ सुधार के लिए बहु-जनक संकरण (multiparent crosses) आवश्यक हैं।
(B) अंतिम संकरण के नर जनक विषमयुग्मजी होते हैं और इसलिए विषमयुग्मकी (heterogametic) होते हैं।
(C) प्रत्येक युग्मनज बीज एक अलग, स्वतंत्र निषेचन घटना का परिणाम होता है।
(D) युग्मक चयन संकर प्रजनन के लिए अंतःप्रजात (inbred) को अलग करने की एक प्रभावी विधि है।
नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:
Gamete Selection in Plant Breeding:
- Developed by L.J. Stadler (1944) for developing inbred lines from open-pollinated varieties in cross-pollinated crops like maize.
- Key premises of gamete selection:
- Multiparental or heterogeneous background (A): Outcrossing populations or multiparent crosses provide wide genetic variability across multiple agronomic traits.
- Heterozygous / heterogametic male parents (B): When an $F_1$ or heterozygous population serves as pollen donor, each pollen grain represents a unique recombinant gamete.
- Independent fertilization events (C): Each individual kernel/seed on the ear is formed by an independent fertilization event between an egg cell and a unique male gamete.
- Gamete selection evaluates the performance of gametes from open-pollinated varieties by crossing them directly to an elite inbred tester early in the program.
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Gamete Selection in Plant Breeding (युग्मक चयन के सिद्धांत - Stadler, 1944):
- Developed by L.J. Stadler (1944) for developing inbred lines from open-pollinated varieties in cross-pollinated crops like maize.
- Key premises of gamete selection:
- Multiparental or heterogeneous background (A): Outcrossing populations or multiparent crosses provide wide genetic variability across multiple agronomic traits.
- Heterozygous / heterogametic male parents (B): When an $F_1$ or heterozygous population serves as pollen donor, each pollen grain represents a unique recombinant gamete.
- Independent fertilization events (C): Each individual kernel/seed on the ear is formed by an independent fertilization event between an egg cell and a unique male gamete.
- Gamete selection evaluates the performance of gametes from open-pollinated varieties by crossing them directly to an elite inbred tester early in the program.