Which of the following was responsible for the extinction of the Banana Variety "Gros Michel" from the market due to its high susceptibility?
अपनी अत्यधिक संवेदनशीलता के कारण केले की किस्म "ग्रोस मिशेल" (Gros Michel) के बाजार से विलुप्त/हटने के लिए
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा रोगकारक उत्तरदायी था?
Panama Disease of Banana and Gros Michel Extinction:
- During the first half of the 20th century, 'Gros Michel' was the dominant commercial export banana cultivar worldwide.
- In the 1950s, an epidemic of Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc race 1) wiped out commercial plantations of 'Gros Michel' across Central America and the Caribbean.
- This forced the global banana industry to completely abandon 'Gros Michel' and switch to resistant cultivars belonging to the Cavendish subgroup (which are resistant to race 1, though now threatened by Tropical Race 4 / TR4).
- Bacterial wilt / Moko disease is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2, but the historical cultivar extinction was caused by Foc race 1.
Correct Answer: Option 1 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1).
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Panama Disease of Banana and Gros Michel Extinction (पनामा विल्ट - ग्रोस मिशेल का संकट):
- During the first half of the 20th century, 'Gros Michel' was the dominant commercial export banana cultivar worldwide.
- In the 1950s, an epidemic of Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc race 1) wiped out commercial plantations of 'Gros Michel' across Central America and the Caribbean.
- This forced the global banana industry to completely abandon 'Gros Michel' and switch to resistant cultivars belonging to the Cavendish subgroup (which are resistant to race 1, though now threatened by Tropical Race 4 / TR4).
- Bacterial wilt / Moko disease is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2, but the historical cultivar extinction was caused by Foc race 1.
Correct Answer: Option 1 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1).
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