Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Horizontal gene transfer among the microbes is responsible for the transmission of virulence factors.
Statement (II) : Horizontal gene transfer can happen between microbes and plants also.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं
कथन (I) : सूक्ष्मजीवों के बीच क्षैतिज जीन स्थानांतरण (Horizontal gene transfer / HGT) उग्रता कारकों (virulence factors) के संचरण के लिए जिम्मेदार है।
कथन (II) : क्षैतिज जीन स्थानांतरण सूक्ष्मजीवों और पौधों के बीच भी हो सकता है।
उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सबसे उपयुक्त उत्तर चुनिए:
Horizontal Gene Transfer in Microbial Virulence and Plants:
- Statement (I) is CORRECT: Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) via conjugation, transformation, and transduction allows the dissemination of pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids, transposons, and bacteriophages encoding toxins, effectors, type III secretion systems, and antibiotic resistance genes across different bacterial strains and species.
- Statement (II) is CORRECT: Cross-kingdom HGT occurs naturally between prokaryotes and plants. The premier example is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which transfers its transferred-DNA (T-DNA) containing auxin, cytokinin, and opine biosynthesis genes into the plant nuclear genome. Natural transgenic plants (such as Ipomoea batatas / sweet potato) contain ancient Agrobacterium T-DNA integrated into their nuclear genomes.
Therefore, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
Correct Answer: Option 1.
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Horizontal Gene Transfer in Microbial Virulence and Plants (क्षैतिज जीन स्थानांतरण):
- Statement (I) is CORRECT: Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) via conjugation, transformation, and transduction allows the dissemination of pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids, transposons, and bacteriophages encoding toxins, effectors, type III secretion systems, and antibiotic resistance genes across different bacterial strains and species.
- Statement (II) is CORRECT: Cross-kingdom HGT occurs naturally between prokaryotes and plants. The premier example is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which transfers its transferred-DNA (T-DNA) containing auxin, cytokinin, and opine biosynthesis genes into the plant nuclear genome. Natural transgenic plants (such as Ipomoea batatas / sweet potato) contain ancient Agrobacterium T-DNA integrated into their nuclear genomes.
Therefore, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
Correct Answer: Option 1.
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