In humans ________ traits are much easier to identify than ________ traits. Choose the correct pair of words from the options given below for filling in the blanks:
मानव में ________ लक्षण, ________ लक्षणों की तुलना में पहचानने में बहुत आसान होते हैं। रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति के लिए
नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही शब्द-युग्म चुनिए:
Inheritance and Pedigree Analysis in Humans:
- X-linked traits: In human males ($XY$), who are hemizygous for the X chromosome, any allele on the X chromosome (whether dominant or recessive) is immediately expressed in the phenotype because there is no homologous counterpart on the Y chromosome. Furthermore, X-linked traits display characteristic criss-cross inheritance (father to daughter to grandson), making them readily distinguishable and much easier to identify.
- Recessive autosomal traits: These require two copies of the mutant allele (homozygosity) to be expressed phenotypically, often skip multiple generations silently via unaffected heterozygous carriers, and are much harder to track and identify without extensive pedigree and consanguinity data.
Therefore, X-linked traits are much easier to identify than recessive autosomal traits.
Correct Answer: Option 3 (X-linked traits; Recessive autosomal traits).
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Inheritance and Pedigree Analysis in Humans (मानव में वंशागति):
- X-linked traits (X-सहलग्न लक्षण): In human males ($XY$), who are hemizygous for the X chromosome, any allele on the X chromosome (whether dominant or recessive) is immediately expressed in the phenotype because there is no homologous counterpart on the Y chromosome. Furthermore, X-linked traits display characteristic criss-cross inheritance (father to daughter to grandson), making them readily distinguishable and much easier to identify.
- Recessive autosomal traits (अप्रभावी ऑटोसोमल लक्षण): These require two copies of the mutant allele (homozygosity) to be expressed phenotypically, often skip multiple generations silently via unaffected heterozygous carriers, and are much harder to track and identify without extensive pedigree and consanguinity data.
Therefore, X-linked traits are much easier to identify than recessive autosomal traits.
Correct Answer: Option 3 (X-linked traits; Recessive autosomal traits).
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