Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A) : The genetic code is degenerative.
Reason (R) : The genetic code is nearly universal.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं, एक को अभिकथन (A) और दूसरे को कारण (R) के रूप में लेबल किया गया है:
अभिकथन (A) : आनुवंशिक
कूट (genetic code) अपभ्रष्ट/हासित (degenerative / redundant) होता है।
कारण (R): आनुवंशिक कूट लगभग सार्वभौमिक (nearly universal) होता है।
उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:
Properties of the Genetic Code:
- Assertion (A) is TRUE: The genetic code is degenerate (redundant) because there are 61 sense codons specifying only 20 standard amino acids. Consequently, most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon (e.g., Leucine, Serine, and Arginine are each encoded by six distinct codons).
- Reason (R) is TRUE: The genetic code is nearly universal across virtually all life forms from bacteria to plants and humans (e.g., UUU codes for phenylalanine in all organisms, with minor exceptions in mitochondria and certain ciliated protozoa).
- However, universality is an independent biological property and does not explain why the code is degenerate (degeneracy is explained by Crick's wobble hypothesis and the excess of 64 triplet combinations over 20 amino acids).
Therefore, both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
Correct Answer: Option 2.
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Properties of the Genetic Code (आनुवंशिक कूट के लक्षण):
- Assertion (A) is TRUE: The genetic code is degenerate (redundant) because there are 61 sense codons specifying only 20 standard amino acids. Consequently, most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon (e.g., Leucine, Serine, and Arginine are each encoded by six distinct codons).
- Reason (R) is TRUE: The genetic code is nearly universal across virtually all life forms from bacteria to plants and humans (e.g., UUU codes for phenylalanine in all organisms, with minor exceptions in mitochondria and certain ciliated protozoa).
- However, universality is an independent biological property and does not explain why the code is degenerate (degeneracy is explained by Crick's wobble hypothesis and the excess of 64 triplet combinations over 20 amino acids).
Therefore, both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
Correct Answer: Option 2.
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