Calculation of average stream flow rate:
1. Watershed Area \(A = 600\text{ ha} = 600 \times 10,000\text{ m}^2 = 6 \times 10^6\text{ m}^2\). 2. Rainfall depth \(P = 10\text{ cm} = 0.10\text{ m}\). 3. Runoff/Rainfall ratio \(C = 0.2\). Runoff depth \(R = C \times P = 0.2 \times 0.10\text{ m} = 0.02\text{ m}\). 4. Total runoff volume \(V = A \times R = (6 \times 10^6\text{ m}^2) \times 0.02\text{ m} = 120,000\text{ m}^3\). 5. Flow duration \(t = 10\text{ hours} = 600\text{ minutes}\). 6. Average stream flow rate: - In \(\text{m}^3/\text{h}\): \(\frac{120,000\text{ m}^3}{10\text{ h}} = 12,000\text{ m}^3/\text{h}\).

• In \(\text{m}^3/\text{minute}\): \(\frac{120,000\text{ m}^3}{600\text{ min}} = 200\text{ m}^3/\text{minute}\). - In \(\text{m}^3/\text{s}\): \(\frac{120,000\text{ m}^3}{36,000\text{ s}} = 3.33\text{ m}^3/\text{s}\).

Forms of precipitation:
Sleet: Pellets of ice formed by the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing of melted snowflakes as they fall through a subfreezing layer of air near the Earth's surface. Sleet pellets bounce when striking the ground.
Glaze (Freezing Rain): Supercooled raindrops that freeze instantly upon contact with cold surfaces on the ground, forming a smooth ice coating.
Hail: Hard, rounded balls or lumps of ice ($\gt 5\text{ mm}$) formed inside convective cumulonimbus storm clouds by alternating upward and downward drafts.
Snow: Ice crystals in the form of hexagonal flakes directly sublimated from water vapor.

Empirical rainfall-runoff relationships developed for Indian catchments:
(A) Binnie's percentages: Developed by Sir Alexander Binnie for rivers in Madhya Pradesh (III) (formerly Central Provinces, based on observations near Nagpur).
(B) Strange's curves and tables: Formulated by W.L. Strange for the Bombay-Deccan catchment (I), classifying catchments as good, average, and bad.
(C) Barlow's tables: Developed by T.G. Barlow based on observations of 19 small catchments in Uttar Pradesh (II).
(D) Lacey's formula: Developed by Gerald Lacey for alluvial plains of the Indo-Gangetic plain (IV), incorporating catchment factor \(S\) and monsoon rainfall.