Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A)...

All Subjects General Agriculture, Biology, Plant Protection & Statistics Principles of Agronomy, Crop Ecology, Geography & Agricultural Meteorology Field Crops Agronomy Weed Management Water Management Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use Dryland Agronomy Problem Soils Sustainable Land Use Systems

ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Match the Following

Match List - I with List - II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

सूची - I को सूची - II से सुमेलित कीजिए।

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए :

List - I सूची - I Major Function प्रमुख कार्य		List - II सूची - II Plant Hormone पादप हार्मोन
A	Induces leaf and fruit abscission पत्तियों और फलों के विलगन (abscission) को प्रेरित करना	I	Auxins ऑक्सिन (Auxins)
B	Elongation of cells कोशिकाओं का दीर्घीकरण (Cell elongation)	II	Cytokinin साइटोकाइनिन (Cytokinin)
C	Stimulates the swelling of stems and roots तने और जड़ों के फूलने को प्रेरित करना (Triple response)	III	Abscisic acid (ABA) / Ethylene एब्सिसिक एसिड / एथिलीन
D	Stimulate cell division कोशिका विभाजन को प्रेरित करना (Cell division)	IV	Ethylene एथिलीन (Ethylene)

(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Induces leaf and fruit abscission: Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene promote senescence and formation of abscission layers in leaves and mature fruits -> (A)-(III).
Elongation of cells: Auxins (IAA) promote cell wall loosening via the acid growth hypothesis, driving cell elongation -> (B)-(I).
Stimulates the swelling of stems and roots: Ethylene triggers the classic 'triple response' in seedlings: inhibition of elongation, radial stem swelling, and horizontal growth -> (C)-(IV).
Stimulate cell division: Cytokinins (Zeatin, Kinetin) promote cytokinesis and cell division in meristematic tissues -> (D)-(II).

Matching combination: (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II), confirming Option 1.

पत्ती व फल विलगन: एब्सिसिक एसिड (ABA) जीर्णता व विलगन परत निर्माण को बढ़ावा देता है (A-III)।
कोशिका दीर्घीकरण: ऑक्सिन (Auxin) अम्ल वृद्धि परिकल्पना द्वारा कोशिका भित्ति को ढीला कर कोशिकाओं की लंबाई बढ़ाता है (B-I)।
तने व जड़ों का फूलना: एथिलीन (Ethylene) पौधों में अनुप्रस्थ मोटाई (radial swelling) और त्रिक अनुक्रिया (triple response) लाता है (C-IV)।
कोशिका विभाजन: साइटोकाइनिन (Cytokinin) साइटोकाइनेसिस और कोशिका विभाजन को तीव्र करता है (D-II)।

अतः सही सुमेलन (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) है।

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ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Assertion & Reason

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : Zero-tillage practice in rice-wheat cropping system is a climate change adaptation strategy.

Reason (R) : It helps to avoid terminal heat stress of wheat.

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं, एक को अभिकथन (A) और दूसरे को कारण (R) के रूप में लेबल किया गया है :

अभिकथन (A) : धान-गेहूं फसल प्रणाली में शून्य-जुताई (Zero-tillage) का अभ्यास जलवायु परिवर्तन अनुकूलन रणनीति है।

कारण (R) : यह गेहूं में टर्मिनल हीट स्ट्रेस (अंतिम ताप प्रतिबल) से बचने में मदद करता है।

उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए :

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (A) और (R) दोनों सही हैं और (R), (A) की सही व्याख्या है Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A) (A) और (R) दोनों सही हैं लेकिन (R), (A) की सही व्याख्या नहीं है (A) is true but (R) is false (A) सही है लेकिन (R) गलत है (A) is false but (R) is true (A) गलत है लेकिन (R) सही है

Assertion (A) is true: Zero-tillage (direct drilling of wheat into unplowed rice stubbles) conserves soil moisture, sequesters carbon, reduces diesel combustion emissions, and significantly improves climate resilience in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
In agrarian practice, zero-till wheat facilitates early sowing by 10–15 days, which in field conditions mitigates hot dry westerly winds during the grain-filling phase (terminal heat).
However, according to the official NTA evaluation key, Option 3 [(A) is true but (R) is false] was declared the final answer key for this question.
Thus, aligning 100% with the official key, Option 3 is marked.

अभिकथन (A) सत्य है: धान-गेहूं चक्र में शून्य-जुताई (Zero-tillage) मृदा नमी संरक्षण तथा कार्बन उत्सर्जन में कमी लाकर जलवायु परिवर्तन अनुकूलन की एक प्रमुख संरक्षण कृषि रणनीति है।
हालांकि शून्य जुताई से गेहूं की समय पर बुवाई होने से टर्मिनल हीट स्ट्रेस से बचाव होता है, परन्तु NTA की आधिकारिक अंतिम उत्तर कुंजी के अनुसार विकल्प 3 [(A) सही है लेकिन (R) गलत है] को सही माना गया है।
अतः आधिकारिक उत्तर कुंजी के अनुसार विकल्प 3 सही उत्तर है।

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ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

MCQ (Single Correct)

What is the optimum range of soil moisture for effective ploughing?

प्रभावी जुताई (ploughing) के लिए मृदा नमी की इष्टतम सीमा क्या है?

5 to 10 per cent depletion of available soil moisture प्राप्य मृदा नमी का 5 से 10 प्रतिशत ह्रास 15 to 20 per cent depletion of available soil moisture प्राप्य मृदा नमी का 15 से 20 प्रतिशत ह्रास 25 to 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture प्राप्य मृदा नमी का 25 से 50 प्रतिशत ह्रास 50 to 60 per cent depletion of available soil moisture प्राप्य मृदा नमी का 50 से 60 प्रतिशत ह्रास

Ploughing must be performed when the soil is in its friable consistency state (the 'vapsa' or workable condition), lying between the lower plastic limit and the shrinkage limit.
If tilled when too wet (depletion $\lt 20\%$), soil puddles, smears, and forms large clods upon drying; if too dry (depletion $\gt 60\%$), traction resistance increases drastically producing heavy dust.
The optimum moisture range for effective tillage occurs at 25 to 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture (ASM), corresponding to approximately 50–75% of available water capacity (Option 3).

खेत की प्रभावी जुताई तब की जानी चाहिए जब मृदा 'वापसा' (Friable condition) स्थिति में हो, जो प्लास्टिक सीमा और संकुचन सीमा के मध्य होती है।
अत्यधिक गीली मृदा की जुताई करने पर पडलिंग और बड़े ढेले बनते हैं, जबकि अत्यधिक सूखी मृदा में जुताई करने पर धूल उड़ती है और ट्रैक्टर का कर्षण प्रतिरोध बढ़ जाता है।
जुताई के लिए इष्टतम मृदा नमी प्राप्य मृदा नमी के 25 से 50 प्रतिशत ह्रास (अर्थात 50 से 75% प्राप्य जल स्तर) पर प्राप्त होती है।
अतः विकल्प 3 सही उत्तर है।

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ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Assertion & Reason

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : Ridging increases albedo, thereby increasing the effective incoming radiation compared to a flat surface.

Reason (R) : Tillage causes unequal distribution of energy at the soil surface.

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

अभिकथन (A) : मेड़ बनाना (Ridging) एल्बिडो (albedo) को बढ़ाता है, जिससे सपाट सतह की तुलना में प्रभावी आने वाले विकिरण में वृद्धि होती है।

कारण (R) : भू-परिष्करण मृदा की सतह पर ऊर्जा के असमान वितरण का कारण बनता है।

उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए :

Assertion (A) is false: Creating ridges and furrows increases surface roughness. Rough and ridged surfaces trap incoming solar radiation through multiple internal reflections inside furrows, which decreases the albedo (reflectivity) rather than increasing it.
Reason (R) is true: Tillage creates uneven topography (ridges, clods, furrows) with varying slope aspects and micro-elevations. Sun-facing ridge slopes receive direct perpendicular insolation while furrows remain shaded, causing an unequal spatial distribution of radiant thermal energy across the soil surface.
Therefore, Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true, confirming Option 4.

अभिकथन (A) गलत है: खेत में मेड़ (ridges) बनाने से सतह खुरदरी हो जाती है। खुरदरी व मेड़युक्त सतह आने वाले सौर विकिरण को खांचों में फंसाकर परावर्तन कम करती है, जिससे एल्बिडो घटता है, बढ़ता नहीं।
कारण (R) सही है: जुताई से सतह पर ढेले व मेड़ें बनती हैं। सूर्य के सम्मुख ढलानों को अधिक धूप मिलती है जबकि छायादार हिस्सों को कम, जिससे मृदा सतह पर ऊर्जा का असमान वितरण होता है।
अतः (A) असत्य है परन्तु (R) सत्य है (विकल्प 4 सही है)।

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ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Assertion & Reason

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : The Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) is a measure of the average photosynthetic efficiency of leaves in a crop community.

Reason (R) : It is highest when the plants are small and most of the leaves are exposed to sunlight.

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

अभिकथन (A) : शुद्ध स्वांगीकरण दर (NAR) फसल समुदाय में पत्तियों की औसत प्रकाश संश्लेषक दक्षता का माप है।

कारण (R) : यह तब उच्चतम होती है जब पौधे छोटे होते हैं और अधिकांश पत्तियां सूर्य के प्रकाश के संपर्क में होती हैं।

उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए :

Assertion (A) is true: Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), or unit leaf rate, is defined as the net dry matter gain per unit leaf area per unit time ($\text{g}\cdot\text{m}^{-2}\cdot\text{day}^{-1}$), representing the net photosynthetic efficiency of the canopy.
Reason (R) is true: In the early vegetative stages when plants are small and Leaf Area Index ($LAI$) is low, mutual shading is negligible and virtually all leaves are fully sunlit, maximizing NAR. As the canopy closes, self-shading increases and NAR progressively declines.
However, Reason (R) describes the temporal developmental pattern of NAR rather than the fundamental biological definition of what NAR measures; thus, (R) is NOT the correct causal explanation of (A).
Hence, Option 2 is the correct answer.

अभिकथन (A) सत्य है: शुद्ध स्वांगीकरण दर (NAR) प्रति इकाई पत्ती क्षेत्रफल द्वारा प्रति इकाई समय में उत्पादित शुद्ध शुष्क भार की दर है, जो पत्तियों की औसत प्रकाश संश्लेषक दक्षता को दर्शाती है।
कारण (R) सत्य है: फसल की प्रारंभिक अवस्था में जब पौधे छोटे होते हैं और पत्तियां एक-दूसरे को नहीं ढकती हैं (पारस्परिक छायांकन नगण्य होता है), तब NAR अपने उच्चतम स्तर पर होती है।
परन्तु कारण (R) केवल NAR के समय-आधारित व्यवहार का वर्णन करता है, यह अभिकथन की प्रत्यक्ष परिभाषात्मक व्याख्या नहीं है।
अतः (A) और (R) दोनों सत्य हैं परन्तु (R), (A) की सही व्याख्या नहीं है (विकल्प 2 सही है)।

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General Agriculture, Biology, Plant Protection & Statistics 15
Principles of Agronomy, Crop Ecology, Geography & Agricultural Meteorology 28
Field Crops Agronomy 12
Weed Management 17
Water Management 14
Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use 14
Dryland Agronomy 7
Problem Soils 3
Sustainable Land Use Systems 10

General Agriculture, Biology, Plant Protection & Statistics

6 Topics

Plant Physiology, Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Abiotic Stresses in Crops Historical Milestones, Agricultural Education, ICAR Institutes and Research Infrastructure Genetics, Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding Methods and Varietal Improvement Crop Protection: Major Diseases, Insect Pests and Integrated Plant Health Management Agricultural Statistics, Probability Distributions and Experimental Field Designs (CRD, RBD, SPD) Agricultural Extension, Rural Development Programs and Technology Transfer (KVK, ATMA)

Principles of Agronomy, Crop Ecology, Geography & Agricultural Meteorology

8 Topics

Atmospheric Humidity, Precipitation, Monsoon Dynamics, Weather Forecasting and Agro-Climatic Zones Principles of Agronomy: Definition, Scope, History, Tillage, Tilth and Seedbed Preparation Agricultural Meteorology: Solar Radiation, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Albedo Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming and Impact on Crop Phenology Cropping Systems: Monocropping, Intercropping, Mixed, Sequential, Relay and Competition Indices (LER, ATER) Crop Growth Analysis, Growth Indices (LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA) and Yield Attributes Temperature, Growing Degree Days (GDD), Photoperiodism, Thermoperiodism and Heat Units Planting Geometry, Plant Density, Sowing Methods and Crop Stand Establishment

Field Crops Agronomy

9 Topics

Agronomy of Cereal Crops I - Rice: Ecology, Nursery, SRI, Direct Seeded Rice (DSR), Water & Nutrient Management Agronomy of Coarse Cereals and Millets: Maize, Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Finger Millet and Small Millets Agronomy of Major Pulse Crops: Chickpea, Pigeonpea, Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil and Field Pea Agronomy of Cereal Crops II - Wheat and Barley: Sowing Depth, CRI Stage, Tillage, Nutrient & Irrigation Agronomy of Commercial & Fiber Crops: Cotton, Jute, Sunnhemp and Mesta Agronomy of Plantation, Spice, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Tea, Coffee, Turmeric, Ginger and Mentha Agronomy of Fodder, Forage and Pasture Grasses: Berseem, Lucerne, Oat, Sorghum, Napier and Guinea Grass Agronomy of Major Oilseed Crops II: Soybean, Sunflower, Safflower, Linseed, Niger and Castor Agronomy of Sugar Crops: Sugarcane, Sugarbeet, Planting Systems (Trench, IISR, STP) and Ratoon Management

Weed Management

9 Topics

Weed Biology, Classification, Propagation, Dormancy, Dissemination and Crop-Weed Competition Chemical Control: Classification of Herbicides (Selectivity, Application Timing, Chemical Families) Herbicide Formulations, Surfactants, Adjuvants, Safeners and Application Equipment Critical Period of Crop-Weed Competition (CPWC) and Allelopathy in Agro-Ecosystems Herbicide Persistence, Soil Residual Fate, Leaching, Volatilization, Photodecomposition and Selectivity Mechanisms Integrated Weed Management (IWM): Cultural, Physical, Mechanical, Biological (Bioherbicides) and Chemical Controls Herbicide Resistance in Weeds, Cross & Multiple Resistance Mechanisms and Herbicide Tolerant Crops Parasitic Weeds (Striga, Orobanche, Cuscuta, Loranthus) and Aquatic/Invasive Weeds (Eichhornia, Parthenium) Herbicide Mode of Action: ALS, ACCase, Photosystem I & II, EPSPS, Synthetic Auxins, Glutamine Synthetase

Water Management

5 Topics

Soil-Plant-Water Relations: Soil Moisture Constants, Soil Water Potential, Moisture Retention Curves and Hysteresis Crop Water Requirements, Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Consumptive Use and Irrigation Water Quality (SAR, RSC) Irrigation Methods: Surface (Check Basin, Furrow, Border), Pressurized (Drip, Sprinkler) and Fertigation Irrigation Scheduling Criteria: Soil Moisture Depletion, IW/CPE Ratio, Critical Growth Stages and Tensiometers Agricultural Drainage: Surface and Sub-surface Drainage Systems, Waterlogging Remediation and Salt Leaching

Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use

7 Topics

Nutrient Dynamics in Soils: Nitrogen Transformation, Mineralization, Immobilization, Nitrification, Denitrification Secondary and Micronutrients in Soils: Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Boron Essential Plant Nutrients: Classification, Criteria of Essentiality, Roles and Deficiency/Toxicity Symptoms Straight, Complex, Mixed, Slow-Release and Specialty Fertilizers: Chemical Properties, Salt Index and Reactions Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM), Soil Testing and Biofertilizers Phosphorus and Potassium Dynamics: Fixation, Adsorption-Desorption, Quantity-Intensity (Q/I) Relationships Nitrification Inhibitors (N-Serve, DCD, Neem-Coated Urea) and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Enhancement

Dryland Agronomy

3 Topics

Crop Adaptation to Drought, Anti-transpirants (Stomatal, Reflecting, Film-forming) and Mulching Techniques Rainwater Harvesting, In-situ Moisture Conservation, Contingency Crop Planning and Watershed Management Dryland vs Rainfed Farming: Characteristics, Classification, Moisture Stress and Drought Types

Problem Soils

2 Topics

Salt-Affected Soils: Saline, Sodic, Saline-Sodic Soils, Diagnostics (ECe, ESP, SAR, pH) and Chemical Reclamation Acid, Acid-Sulfate, Calcareous and Degraded Problem Soils: Liming, Amelioration and Crop Adaptation

Sustainable Land Use Systems

3 Topics

Agroforestry Systems, Farming Systems Research (FSR), Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) and Wasteland Management Conservation Agriculture: Principles, Minimum Tillage, Zero Tillage, Bed Planting and Crop Residue Retention Active Organic Farming, Natural Farming (ZBNF), Certification Standards and Organic Inputs Preparation

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Agronomy Subjects

General Agriculture, Biology, Plant Protection & Statistics

Principles of Agronomy, Crop Ecology, Geography & Agricultural Meteorology

Field Crops Agronomy

Weed Management

Water Management

Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use

Dryland Agronomy

Problem Soils

Sustainable Land Use Systems

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ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Agronomy

ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 14 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

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Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A)... | Agrigyan

Agronomy Subjects

General Agriculture, Biology, Plant Protection & Statistics

Principles of Agronomy, Crop Ecology, Geography & Agricultural Meteorology

Field Crops Agronomy

Weed Management

Water Management

Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use

Dryland Agronomy

Problem Soils

Sustainable Land Use Systems

Previous Year Papers of Agronomy

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Agronomy

ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 14 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Choose Exam

RPSC Agriculture Exams

RSSB Agriculture Exams

National & PG Entrances

Other Agriculture Examinations