Option analysis:
(A) The bull has three types of accessory sex glands: two paired glands (vesicular glands and bulbourethral glands) and one single unpaired gland (prostate gland).

Body weight thresholds for puberty and breeding in dairy cattle:

• Puberty onset: Dairy heifers typically reach puberty (first ovulation with behavioral estrus) when they reach approximately $35\%\text{ to }45\%$ of their mature adult body weight (often between $200\text{ and }240\text{ kg}$ depending on breed).
• First breeding / service: Heifers should not be bred at puberty; they are bred only upon attaining approximately $60\%\text{ to }65\%$ of mature body weight ($250\text{--}280\text{ kg}$) to avoid dystocia and stunted growth.
  
  Option analysis:
• Too low.
• Correct threshold for attainment of puberty ($35\text{--}45\%$, Key 2).
• and (D) Option 4: Associated with breeding maturity, not initial puberty.

Phases and durations of the bovine estrous cycle ($21\text{ days}$ average):

• Estrus (Heat): Shortest phase, lasting approximately $12\text{ to }18\text{ hours}$ (average $\lt 1\text{ day}$). Characterized by sexual receptivity under estrogen influence.
• Metestrus: Post-ovulatory phase, lasting approximately $3\text{ to }4\text{ days}$. Ovulation occurs, and corpus luteum forms.
• Diestrus: Longest phase (luteal phase), lasting approximately $10\text{ to }14\text{ days}$. High progesterone from mature functional CL inhibits ovulation.
• Proestrus: Pre-ovulatory follicular phase, lasting approximately $2\text{ to }3\text{ days}$. CL lyses and new dominant follicle matures.
  
  Option analysis:
  Shortest = Estrus ($12\text{--}18\text{ hours}$); Longest = Diestrus ($10\text{--}14\text{ days}$). Matches Option 1 (Key 1).

Technology Mission on Dairy Development (TMDD):

• In August $1988$, the Government of India launched the 'Technology Mission on Dairy Development' (TMDD).
• Objective: To accelerate the pace of dairy development through the application of modern technologies in breeding, feeding, disease control, milk processing, and marketing, thereby supporting Operation Flood.
• Dr. Verghese Kurien served as the Chairman of the Mission.
  
  Option analysis:
• $1986$ saw the initiation of National Technology Missions under Rajiv Gandhi.
• $1988$ is the exact launch year of TMDD (Key 2).
• and (D) Option 4 are later years.