• New India Literacy Programme (NILP / ULLAS):
• Approved by the Government of India for FY 2022–2027 in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the New India Literacy Programme formally replaced the traditional nomenclature of “Adult Education” with the progressive, inclusive phrase “Education For All” (Sabhi Ke Liye Shiksha).
• The paradigm shift emphasizes that foundational literacy, numeracy, critical life skills, and digital/financial literacy are fundamental universal rights for all non-literate citizens aged 15 years and above, overcoming the stigmatizing connotations of 'adult education'.

Correct option: (3) Education For All

• Interval Level of Measurement Characteristics:
• In S.S. Stevens' typology of measurement scales (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio):
• Interval Scale: Possesses rank order and equal unit distances (equal intervals) between successive points along the continuum (e.g., Celsius temperature scale, standardized IQ scores).
• Mathematical Operations: Permissible arithmetic operations include addition and subtraction of interval differences, calculation of means, standard deviations, and Pearson's $r$.
• No True Zero: Interval scales have an arbitrary zero point, not an absolute true zero (e.g., $0^\circ\text{C}$ does not indicate total absence of heat).
• Conclusion: Both (1) equal interval width and (3) permissible addition/subtraction are correct, making Option 4 correct.

Correct option: (4) Both (1) and (3)

• Heuristic View of Science:
• In philosophy of scientific inquiry, the heuristic view regards science as an ongoing, dynamic process of discovery, imaginative problem solving, heuristic investigation, and theory generation.
• It does not emphasize resting upon or venerating the static “present state of knowledge” (the static view of science); rather, it uses existing knowledge merely as a springboard for uncovering new empirical truths and developing novel explanatory models.

Correct option: (3) Present state of knowledge