At low matric suctions (high moisture content near saturation, $0$ to $0.33\text{ bar}$ / $0$ to $33\text{ kPa}$), water is held primarily in the large capillary macropores and inter-aggregate voids; therefore, water retention is dominated by soil structure (aggregate size, pore size distribution, and bulk density).
At high matric suctions ($\gt 1\text{ bar}$ to $15\text{ bars}$), water is held as thin adsorption films on particle surfaces, governed predominantly by soil texture and specific surface area. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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2
ICAR JRF Agricultural Physics 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Water risen in a capillary tube is characterized by a
Capillary rise of water in soil pores or glass tubes occurs against gravity due to surface tension and adhesive forces.
Water held in the capillary meniscus above a free water table is under hydrostatic suction/tension, existing at sub-atmospheric pressure characterized by a negative pressure potential (matric potential, $\psi_p \lt 0$). (Correct answer: Option 2)
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3
ICAR JRF Agricultural Physics 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which is the first zone of purification in a sand bed?
In slow sand filters, the primary purification mechanism occurs within the uppermost biological skin formed on the top 1–2 cm of the sand bed, known in sanitary engineering as the Schmutzdecke zone (German for "dirty layer").
Consists of a gelatinous matrix of algae, bacteria, protozoa, and plankton that metabolizes organic matter, traps particulates, and adsorbs pathogens. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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4
ICAR JRF Agricultural Physics 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which process of water treatment is done to avoid floating debris, branches, trees, or other large particles suspended in
water?
The initial physical preliminary treatment unit operation in water treatment plants.
Employs bar racks, coarse screens, or fine wire meshes to physically intercept and remove large floating debris, branches, logs, rags, and coarse suspended solids before water enters pumping and sedimentation basins. (Correct answer: Option 3)
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5
ICAR JRF Agricultural Physics 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following device is used to prevent the clogging of sewer pipes?
specialized masonry chamber equipped with an automatic siphonic discharge mechanism built at the head of flat-gradient sewer branches.
Periodically discharges a large volume of water at high velocity to scour and flush out settled sludge, grit, and solids, effectively preventing clogging in sewer pipes. (Correct answer: Option 3)
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