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Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The Proctor test evaluates the effects of water content (@m), and organic and mineral composition of
homogenized soil on compactability.
Reason (R) : The coarser the soil sample, the higher the Proctor bulk density value at a smaller water content (Bopt)
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
EXPLANATION
Soil Water Dynamics
- Assertion (A) is True: Soil bulk density ($\rho_b = \frac{M_s}{V_t}$) is always numerically smaller than soil particle density ($\rho_s = \frac{M_s}{V_s}$) for any natural undisturbed soil.
- Reason (R) is True: Total soil volume ($V_t$) comprises both the solid mineral volume ($V_s$) and the pore volume ($V_p$), such that $V_t = V_s + V_p \gt V_s$. Dividing solid dry mass by a larger total volume necessarily yields a lower density value.
- Relationship: The inclusion of pore space in total soil volume directly explains why bulk density is lower than particle density; thus, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).
- Conclusion: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (Option 1).
Correct option: (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
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