• Statement (I) is Incorrect: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was opened for signature during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED / Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 (not 1991), entering into force on 29 December 1993.
• Statement (II) is Incorrect: India signed the CBD on 5 June 1992 and ratified it on 18 February 1994 (not 1995), thereby becoming a party in 1994.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.

Correct option: (2) Both Statement (|) and Statement (II) are incorrect

• Definition of Environmental Science:
• An integrated, multidisciplinary academic discipline that analyzes the systemic interactions and energy/matter flows between the environment's physical, chemical, and biological components, alongside human impacts on natural ecosystems. (Correct answer: Option 4)

• Sanitary Landfilling Practice:
• An engineered municipal solid waste disposal technique involving compaction of refuse in thin layers and daily covering with impermeable inert earth/soil.
• Properly managed, compacted, and sealed sanitary landfill cells prevent open decomposition odors and foul gas emissions at the surface while being highly cost-effective and economical. (Correct answer: Option 3)

• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016:
• Comprehensive national statutory guidelines promulgated by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• Superseded the earlier Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, mandating source segregation into wet, dry, and domestic hazardous waste streams. (Correct answer: Option 4)