Geoinformatics

• Van der Waals Equation of State:

• Physical Corrections for Real Gases:
• The term $\frac{a}{V^2}$ corrects for attractive intermolecular forces (internal cohesive pressure).
• The constant $b$ (co-volume) corrects for the finite, non-zero volume occupied by the gas molecules themselves. (Correct answer: Option 1)

• Job Reservation for Forestry Graduates:
• The Government of Karnataka enacted formal state reservation policies reserving direct recruitment vacancies in the Karnataka Forest Department (Range Forest Officer / Assistant Conservator of Forests posts) for candidates possessing a professional B.Sc. (Forestry) degree. (Correct answer: Option 2)

• Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs):
• Highly efficient industrial particulate emission control devices that use high-voltage electrical fields (30–75 kV) to ionize flue gases, electrostatically charge airborne dust particles, and collect them onto oppositely charged collector plates.
• Achieves the highest collection efficiency (99.0% to 99.9%) for fine sub-micron particulates compared to cyclonic scrubbers, settling chambers, and dynamic precipitators. (Correct answer: Option 4)

• SI Units of Fundamental Physical Quantities:
• Entropy ($S = \frac{dQ}{T}$): Unit is $\text{J}\cdot\text{K}^{-1}$ $\rightarrow$ (I)
• Free Energy ($G = H - TS$): Unit is Joules ($\text{J} = \text{kg}\cdot\text{m}^2\cdot\text{s}^{-2}$) $\rightarrow$ (II)
• Force ($F = m a$): Unit is Newtons ($\text{N} = \text{kg}\cdot\text{m}\cdot\text{s}^{-2}$) $\rightarrow$ (III)
• Momentum ($p = m v$): Unit is $\text{kg}\cdot\text{m}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}$ $\rightarrow$ (IV)
• Systematic Match: (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) corresponds to Option 1.

Correct option: (1) (A) - (1), (B)- (IN), (C) - (IY), (D) - (HN)