Field Capacity Tension Range: In salt-free agricultural soils, soil moisture tension at field capacity varies directly with soil texture:
Coarse sandy soils release gravitational water rapidly, reaching field capacity at tensions as low as .04$ to .10\text{ atmosphere}$ (/10\text{ bar}$). - Medium to fine textured soils (loams, silt loams, and clays) retain capillary water more tenaciously against gravity, stabilizing at .33\text{ atmosphere}$ (/3\text{ bar}$) up to approximately .7\text{ atmosphere}$. - Conclusion: The overall textured-dependent field capacity tension ranges from .04$ to .7\text{ atmosphere}$. (Correct answer: Option 3)
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2
ICAR JRF Agronomy 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Surangam, water harvesting structures are found in
Surangam Water Harvesting: Surangam (also spelled Thurangam) is a traditional indigenous cave-well horizontal excavation system carved into hard lateritic hill slopes of Kasaragod district, Kerala (and adjoining border regions of South Canara, Karnataka).
Function: Taps groundwater tables by natural gravity flow without requiring mechanical pumping energy. (Correct answer: Option 3)
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3
ICAR JRF Agronomy 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What is the term used to describe the process of using vegetation to enhance water drainage and stabilize soil in agricultural
landscapes?
Riparian Buffers: Strips of permanent perennial vegetation (trees, shrubs, and deep-rooted grasses) established along the banks of rivers, streams, drainage ditches, and watercourses.
Hydrological Functions: Stabilize stream banks against soil erosion, intercept agricultural nutrient runoff, enhance infiltration, and moderate water drainage discharge.
Comparison: Terracing is a physical hillside shaping method; subsurface drains consist of buried perforated tile pipes. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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ICAR JRF Agronomy 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which factor is NOT a consideration in groundwater management?
Direct Groundwater Management Parameters: Aquifer budgeting and sustainable yield estimation depend strictly on:
Rate of natural/artificial groundwater recharge ($BCM/year$)
Total extraction rate via tube-wells ($BCM/year$)
Depth to water table and piezometric fluctuation ($m$)
Surface Water Availability: Represents an external component of surface hydrology and conjunctive water use rather than a direct internal parameter of subsurface aquifer water table balance. (Correct answer: Option 4)
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5
ICAR JRF Agronomy 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What is the term used to describe the process of lowering the water table around a well due to excessive pumping, resulting
in reduced water availability?
Cone of Depression: A conical-shaped depression or dip in the water table (or piezometric surface in confined aquifers) centered around a pumped well, caused when the rate of extraction exceeds the immediate local transmissivity of the aquifer.
Hydraulic Gradient: The inverted cone creates a hydraulic gradient causing water to flow radially inward toward the well intake screen.
Comparison: Aquifer depletion represents regional, long-term irreversible lowering of water reserves. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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