Hepatocarcinoma (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): A malignant epithelial neoplasm originating from hepatocytes in liver tissue.
In aquaculture, hepatocarcinomas are classically induced in fishes (e.g., rainbow trout, channel catfish) exposed to dietary aflatoxin $B_1$ or chemical carcinogens.
Neuroblastoma originates from neural crest cells; Chondrosarcoma originates from cartilage; Meningioma originates from meninges.
Correct Option: Option 4 (Hepatocarcinoma).
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17
ICAR JRF Aquaculture 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
The protein requirements for fish are higher by about ----------- times compared to mammal
Protein Requirements of Fish vs. Terrestrial Mammals:
Fish require approximately $30\% - 50\%$ crude protein in formulated feeds, which is $2 - 3\text{ times}$ higher than the protein requirements of terrestrial farm mammals ($12\% - 18\%$ for cattle, sheep, and pigs).
Physiological Reasons:
Fish utilize protein preferentially as both structural building blocks and a major direct energy substrate (catabolizing amino acids for ATP).
Fish excrete nitrogenous waste primarily as ammonia via the gills by simple passive diffusion, expending very little metabolic energy compared to mammals that must synthesize urea.
Correct Option: Option 2 (2-3 times).
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18
ICAR JRF Aquaculture 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Preliminary identification of the disease based on gross observations and circumstantial evidences is referred to as
Bacterial fish pathogens belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae are characteristically Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods that are cytochrome oxidase-negative:
Broth: A liquid culture medium containing dissolved nutrients (peptones, meat extracts, salts) without the addition of solidifying gelling agents (agar).
Agar Plate / Slant: Solid culture media containing $1.5\% - 2.0\%$ agar-agar used for colony isolation and maintenance.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Broth).
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