Protein Requirements of Fish vs. Terrestrial Mammals:
Fish require approximately $30\% - 50\%$ crude protein in formulated feeds, which is $2 - 3\text{ times}$ higher than the protein requirements of terrestrial farm mammals ($12\% - 18\%$ for cattle, sheep, and pigs).
Physiological Reasons:
Fish utilize protein preferentially as both structural building blocks and a major direct energy substrate (catabolizing amino acids for ATP).
Fish excrete nitrogenous waste primarily as ammonia via the gills by simple passive diffusion, expending very little metabolic energy compared to mammals that must synthesize urea.
Correct Option: Option 2 (2-3 times).
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ICAR JRF Aquatic Animal Health Management 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Ammonia-N is toxic to commercially cultured fish at concentrations
In commercial aquaculture ponds, the unionized ammonia-nitrogen ($\text{NH}_3\text{-N}$) fraction becomes hazardous to cultured finfish and crustaceans at concentrations approaching and exceeding $0.1\text{ mg N/L}$.
The calorie (small calorie or gram calorie) is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1^\circ\text{C}$ at standard atmospheric pressure:
$$1\text{ calorie} = 4.184\text{ Joules}$$
Correct Option: Option 3 (4.184 Joules).
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10
ICAR JRF Aquatic Animal Health Management 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Phylloquinone ($K_1$): Natural plant form of vitamin K.
Menaquinone ($K_2$): Bacterial synthesized form.
Menadione ($K_3$): The synthetic, provitamin form of vitamin K, widely used as a stable water-soluble feed supplement (e.g., menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB) in fish feeds to support blood coagulation and prothrombin synthesis.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Menadione).
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