Hydrobiological Examination and Aquatic Bioassays: Standard ecological methods used to detect, evaluate, and monitor toxic pollutant presence in aquatic environments.
Evaluates acute lethality ($LC_{50}$), sub-lethal histological alterations, biomarker enzyme activities (acetylcholinesterase, metallothioneins), and planktonic community shifts.
Correct Option: Option 2 (Hydrobiological examination of water).
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2
ICAR JRF Aquatic Environmental Management 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What is the main mechanism by which microorganisms degrade organic pollutants in aquatic environments?
Microorganisms mineralize and degrade organic pollutants (hydrocarbons, organochlorines, dyes) primarily through enzyme-catalyzed Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions.
In aerobic respiration, organic contaminants serve as primary electron donors oxidized by oxygenases, while molecular oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor, converting complex hydrocarbons to $ ext{CO}_2$ and $ ext{H}_2 ext{O}$.
Phycoremediation: The use of microalgae and macroalgae to treat wastewater and sequester contaminants.
Algae play an outstanding role in the absorption and biosorption of toxic heavy metals ($ ext{Pb}^{2+}, ext{Cd}^{2+}, ext{Cr}^{6+}, ext{Cu}^{2+}$) due to abundant negatively charged functional groups (carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and sulfate) present on their outer cell wall polysaccharides.
Correct Option: Option 2 (Absorption of heavy metals).
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4
ICAR JRF Aquatic Environmental Management 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquatic environments?
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and resistance genes (ARGs) proliferate in aquatic systems primarily through:
Direct environmental discharge of untreated urban sewage containing clinical pathogens.
Widespread prophylactic and therapeutic misuse of antibiotics in intensive aquaculture.
Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) via conjugative plasmids and integrons.
While heavy metals can induce co-selection pressure, in direct contrast, heavy metals are inorganic chemical elements that do not themselves carry genetic resistance determinants.
Correct Option: Option 3 (Presence of heavy metals).
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