Computer organization & architecture

• Probability with Combinations:
• Composition of eligible officers:
• Production department: 3
• Purchase department: 4
• Sales department: 2
• Chartered Accountant (CA): 1
• Total pool size: $N = 3 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 10$ individuals
• Committee size: $k = 4$ individuals
• Direct Symmetry Method:
• Since each of the 10 individuals has an equal chance of being chosen in a committee of 4, the probability that any specific individual (the CA) is included is simply:

• Combinatorial Verification:
• Total number of possible committees: $\binom{10}{4} = \frac{10 \times 9 \times 8 \times 7}{4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1} = 210$
• Favorable committees (including the 1 CA, remaining 3 chosen from the other 9): $\binom{1}{1} \times \binom{9}{3} = 1 \times \frac{9 \times 8 \times 7}{3 \times 2 \times 1} = 84$
• Probability: $P = \frac{84}{210} = \frac{2}{5}$
• Conclusion: The probability is 2/5 (Option 4).

Correct option: (4) 215

• Central Dogma of Molecular Biology:
• Articulated by Francis Crick (1958, 1970), the central dogma describes the sequential flow of detailed genetic information within a biological system:

• Genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase, which is subsequently translated into polypeptides/proteins by ribosomes.
• Conclusion: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) DNAis transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins

• System Software vs. Application Software:
• System Software: Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for running application software. Windows 10 is an Operating System (System Software).
• Application Software: Programs designed to help end-users perform specific tasks, productivity work, or creative workflows:
• WordPad: Basic word processing application.
• Photoshop: Image editing and graphic design application.
• MS Excel: Spreadsheet and data calculation application.
• Conclusion: Windows 10 is NOT an application software (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Windows 10