Pedaliaceae: The sesame family consisting of flowering plants with mucilaginous hairs, opposite simple leaves, and capsular fruits containing oil-rich seeds (Sesamum indicum L.). (Correct answer)
Chenopodiaceae: The goosefoot family containing crops like beet, spinach, and quinoa.
Papilionaceae (Fabaceae): The pulse family characterized by butterfly-like papilionaceous flowers, including gram, arhar, and pea.
Leguminosae: The broader legume family covering all pod-bearing nitrogen-fixing species.
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17
ICAR JRF Computer Application 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following is NOT a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming?
Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$): Directly respired by animals but constitutes part of the short-term biogenic carbon cycle (rapidly re-absorbed by feed crops through photosynthesis), making direct livestock $CO_2$ a non-significant net anthropogenic greenhouse driver compared to enteric methane and nitrous oxide. (Correct answer)
Methane ($CH_4$): A potent greenhouse gas heavily produced by enteric fermentation in ruminants and anaerobic manure lagoons.
Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$): An exceptionally potent greenhouse gas emitted during the storage, handling, and application of livestock manure and urine.
Ammonia ($NH_3$): A significant livestock-related atmospheric pollutant and indirect greenhouse contributor causing soil acidification.
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18
ICAR JRF Computer Application 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What is the role of "companion planting" in agriculture?
Companion planting: The agricultural practice of planting mutually beneficial plant species in close physical association to deter pests (e.g., marigold with tomato to repel nematodes, or aromatic herbs to mask crop scents), attract beneficial pollinators, or supply shade/support. (Correct answer)
Crop rotation: The sequential cultivation of different crop families over successive seasons to restore soil fertility.
Hydroponics: The technique of growing crops in water containing dissolved mineral nutrients without soil.
Cover cropping: Growing dense vegetation to protect against erosion and reduce soil compaction, not increase it.
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19
ICAR JRF Computer Application 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which nutrient is often a limiting factor in agricultural production?
Nitrogen (N): The primary macronutrient that is most widely deficient and universally limiting for crop growth and yield across virtually all agro-climatic zones and soil orders in India. (Correct answer)
Carbon: Readily acquired by plants from atmospheric carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) during photosynthesis and is not a soil-supplied mineral limiting nutrient.
Oxygen: Absorbed freely from air and soil pore spaces during root respiration and is not a limiting mineral fertilizer element.
Hydrogen: Supplied in abundant quantities through water ($H_2O$) absorbed by roots during transpirational uptake.
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Calcareous or alkaline soils: Under high pH ($pH \gt 7.5$) and abundant free calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$), iron precipitates into insoluble ferric hydroxides and carbonates ($Fe(OH)_3$), severely reducing bioavailable $Fe^{2+}$ and triggering characteristic lime-induced iron chlorosis in young leaves. (Correct answer)
Salt affected soils: Primarily induce osmotic drought and specific ion toxicities (excess $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$).
Acidic soils: Low pH increases iron solubility, frequently causing iron toxicity rather than deficiency.
Neutral soils: Offer optimal micronutrient availability without precipitation.
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