Function of Emulsifying Salts in Processed Cheese:
Colloidal Role:
Emulsifying salts (sodium citrates, disodium phosphate, polyphosphates at $2 - 3\%$) sequester calcium from the cross-linked calcium paracaseinate network of natural cheese during cooking ($70 - 85^\circ\text{C}$).
This transforms insoluble paracaseinate into soluble sodium paracaseinate, which acts as a powerful amphiphilic emulsifier surrounding milk fat globules and preventing oil separation (free fat formation) upon heating.
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