• Mechanics of the Maxwell Viscoelastic Model:
• Consists of a Hookean spring (elasticity $E$) and a Newtonian dashpot (viscosity $\eta$) connected in series.
• Series Properties:
• Under tensile load, stress is identical across both components: $\sigma = \sigma_{\text{spring}} = \sigma_{\text{dashpot}}$.
• Strains are additive: Total strain equals the sum of elastic spring deformation and viscous dashpot flow:

• Conclusion: Strains are additive (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Strains are additive

• Ideal Hookean Elastic Solids:
• Definition:
• An ideal solid exhibits linear, instantaneous, and fully reversible Hookean elasticity ($\sigma = E \epsilon$).
• Steel as Benchmark:
• Structural steel behaves as a nearly perfect elastic solid within its proportional limit, returning completely to original dimensions upon load release.
• Conclusion: Steel (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Steel

• Matching Rheological and Mechanical Properties (List-I) with Definitions (List-II):
• Creep $\longrightarrow$ IV. Deformation with time when suddenly subjected to a dead load: The continuous, slow, time-dependent inelastic strain exhibited by a solid material subjected to sustained mechanical stress.
• Resilience $\longrightarrow$ III. Capacity of material to store strain energy in the elastic range: The modulus of resilience represents the maximum elastic energy a material can absorb per unit volume without permanent set.
• Shear stress $\longrightarrow$ II. Stress component tangential to the plane on which the forces act: Stress generated parallel or tangential to the surface cross-section ($\tau = F/A$).
• Tensile stress $\longrightarrow$ I. Normal stress due to forces directed away from the plane on which they act: Normal stress directed perpendicularly outwards from the plane, causing linear extension and tensile elongation.
• Conclusion: A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) AIV,B-Ill,C-11,D-1