Dairy & Food Engineering-I

• Comparison of Thermodynamic Refrigeration & Heat Pump Coefficients of Performance (COP):
• Overall COP of simple VARS (Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System): Operates on low-grade thermal energy input; thermodynamic irreversibilities result in low overall COP values typically ranging between $0.4\text{--}0.8$.
• COP of simple VCRS (Vapour Compression Refrigeration System): Driven by high-grade mechanical or electrical shaft work; standard refrigeration COP values range between $2.5\text{--}4.0$.
• Effective Energy Ratio / Heating COP of a Heat Pump: For a heat pump operating across identical temperature limits, the heating effect includes both the absorbed heat and compressor work input:

$$\text{COP}_{\text{heating}} = \text{COP}_{\text{cooling}} + 1$$

Consequently, heat pump COP is always higher than cooling COP, typically ranging between $3.5\text{--}5.0$.

• Increasing Order:

$$\text{COP}_{\text{VARS}} \lt \text{COP}_{\text{VCRS}} \lt \text{COP}_{\text{Heat Pump}} \implies \mathbf{C \lt B \lt A}$$

• Conclusion: The correct increasing order is C, B, A (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) C,B,A

Matching the items of List I with List II for Design and construction of cold storage and air-conditioning systems: cooling loads and calculation:

The correct combination is Option 2: (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - ), (B) - (1).

Correct option: (2) (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - ), (B) - (1)

Analyzing the statements in relation to Flow:

The correct option is Option 1: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true..