9
One of the following is NOT an antimicrobial substances produced by Starter culture in fermented milks
EXPLANATION
Time-Dependent Rheology & Food Texture
- Antimicrobial Metabolites of Lactic Starter Cultures:
- Endogenous Antimicrobials Produced by LAB:
- Organic acids: Lactic and acetic acids lower pH and permeabilize bacterial cell membranes.
- Bacteriocins: Ribosomal antimicrobial peptides (nisin, pediocin) that create pores in bacterial cell membranes.
- Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$): Generates oxidative stress in catalase-negative pathogens under aerobic conditions.
- Phenols: Phenols are plant secondary metabolites or industrial chemicals, NOT metabolites synthesized by dairy starter cultures.
- Conclusion: Phenols (Option 2).
Correct option: (2) Phenols
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