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Which of these statements is/are true with respect to available energy as can be described by thermodynamics?
(|) Available energy is the maximum portion of energy which could be converted into useful work by ideal process.
(Il) System drops to a dead state after extraction of available energy
(II!) Available energy is the maximum portion of energy which could be converted into useful work by real process.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
EXPLANATION
Classical Thermodynamics & Availability
- Thermodynamic Available Energy (Exergy):
- (I) Theoretical Maximum Work: Defined by the Second Law of Thermodynamics as the maximum theoretical useful work extractable from a system as it proceeds to thermodynamic equilibrium with its surrounding environment through a completely reversible (ideal) process.
- (II) Dead State Equilibrium: Once all available energy is extracted, the system reaches the 'dead state' ($T = T_0, P = P_0$), possessing zero capacity to perform further work.
- Statement (III) is false: Real irreversible processes always generate entropy ($T_0 S_{\text{gen}}$), dissipating available energy into unavailable energy.
- Conclusion: (I) and (II) only (Option 2).
Correct option: (2) (I) and (I!) only
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