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Which of the following is an Indigenous breed of cattle
Q30: Which of the following is an Indigenous breed of cattle - Microbiological Quality of Milk - Dairy Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 | Agrigyan
General Agriculture
6 TopicsScope and History of Microbiology
5 Topics
Bacterial Cell Ultrastructure: Peptidoglycan Architecture, Teichoic Acids & Periplasmic Transport
Microbial Energetics & Membrane Transport: PEP-PTS Systems, ABC Transporters & PMF
Microscopy in Dairying: Light, Fluorescence, Confocal, SEM, TEM & Specimen Preparation
Microbial Taxonomy & Phylogeny: Polyphasic Taxonomy & 16S rRNA Molecular Classification
Bacterial Growth Kinetics: Growth Phases, Specific Growth Rate, Generation Time & Chemostats
Microbial Genetics
5 Topics
Recombinant DNA Technology, PCR Primers & Metagenomics: DGGE & Amplicon Sequencing
Molecular Genetics of Dairy Microorganisms: Central Dogma, Replication, Transcription & Translation
Mutation & DNA Repair: Missense, Nonsense, Frameshift Mutations & Excision Repair Systems
Horizontal Gene Transfer in Dairy Microbes: Conjugation, Transduction & Transformation
Plasmids, Transposons & Phage Resistance: Dairy Plasmids (pSN2, pTRK2030) & Abortive Infection
Microbiological Quality of Milk
6 Topics
Raw Milk Microflora & Spoilage Dynamics: Succession from Bactericidal Stage to Acidification
Active
Milk-Borne Bacterial Pathogens & Zoonoses: Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria, E. coli O157:H7 & S. aureus
Thermoduric & Thermophilic Microorganisms: Microbacterium, Sporeformers & 55°C Incubation
Dairy Biofilms & Surface Adhesion: EPS Matrix, Quorum Sensing & CIP Sanitation Resistance
Microbial Defects in Concentrated & Dried Milks: Mold Buttons, Bloat (Clostridium) & Bitterness
Psychrotrophic Microflora & Cold-Chain Spoilage: Pseudomonas Heat-Stable Lipases & Proteases
Microbiology of Processed Foods
5 Topics
Food Biopreservation: Bacteriocins, Nisin, Pediocin, Mode of Action & GRAS Regulatory Status
Radiation Microbiology: Non-Ionizing (UV, IR) vs Ionizing (Gamma, E-Beam) & Radiation Resistance
Packaging Microbiology: Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), Active Scavengers & Vacuum Spoilage
Hurdle Technology & Intermediate Moisture Foods: Multi-Target Preservation & Homeostasis
Milk Protective Systems & Bioactive Peptides: Lactoferrin, LP System & Antimicrobial Peptides
Starter Cultures and Probiotics
6 Topics
Cheese Microbiology & Ripening Flora: Starter vs NSLAB, Late Gas Defect & Flavor Development
Probiotics Selection & Gastrointestinal Survival: Acid/Bile Tolerance (F1F0-ATPase) & FSSAI Standards
Flavor Biogenesis in Fermented Milks: Diacetyl, Acetaldehyde (Threonine Pathway) & Acetoin
Dairy Yeasts & Molds: Geotrichum candidum, Kluyveromyces & Ripening Fungi
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Taxonomy & Hexose Fermentation: Homofermentative vs Heterofermentative
Dairy Starter Culture Propagation: Media (Litmus Chalk Milk), Phage Control & Strains
Quality Assurance
5 Topics
Indicator Organisms of Dairy Sanitation: Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, E. coli & Enterococci
Microbiological Sampling Plans & Statistical Standards: Two-Class, Three-Class Plans & FSSAI Limits
Rapid Detection & Biosensors in Dairy Microbiology: Optical, SPR, Piezoelectric & Impedance Sensors
Commercial Sterility & Aseptic Quality Assurance: Sterility Testing, Incubation Protocols & Spores
Biosafety in Dairy Laboratories: Biosafety Levels (BSL-1 to BSL-4) & M. tuberculosis Containment
Fermentation Technology
5 Topics
Bioreactor Design & Operating Modes: Batch, Fed-Batch, Chemostats & Continuous Fermentation
Industrial Dairy Bioproducts & Enzymes: Microbial Rennet, Beta-Galactosidase & Biomass Production
Fermentation Pathways & Bioenergetics: Alcoholic, Lactic & Mixed Acid Pathways, Pyruvate Fate
Diagnostic Selective & Differential Media: Baird-Parker, XLD, EMB & Biochemical Identifications
Solid State (SSF) vs Submerged Fermentation (SmF): Aeration, Energy Consumption & Downstream
Official PYQ Papers
Previous Year Papers of Dairy Microbiology
Practice official shift-wise question papers with answer keys and detailed explanations on the actual exam pattern.
1
Total Available
Previous Papers
2024
29-06-2024