Scope & History of Microbiology

Analyzing the statements in relation to Principles and functions of light:

The correct option is Option 1: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.

• Discovery of Clostridium botulinum:
• Historical Discovery:
• First isolated and described in 1895 by Belgian microbiologist Émile Pierre-Marie van Ermengem.
• Isolated from salted raw ham that caused a severe botulism outbreak in Ellezelles, Belgium.
• Van Ermengem demonstrated that the clinical illness resulted from ingestion of a potent exotoxin produced in food by this anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus.
• Conclusion: Van Ermengem (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Van Ermengem

• Biochemical Phenotyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7:
• Characteristic Enzyme Absence:
• Unlike $\gt 95\%$ of generic commensal E. coli strains, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 lacks $\beta$-D-glucuronidase (GUD) activity.
• Consequently, it fails to cleave 4-methylumbelliferyl-$\beta$-D-glucuronide (MUG), yielding no blue fluorescence under UV illumination.
• Additionally, O157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol within 24 hours, forming colorless colonies on Sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar.
• Conclusion: β-D-glucuronidase (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) B-D-glucuronidase

Matching the items of List I with List II for Toxi-infections and pathogens associated with milk and milk products and their prevention:

The correct combination is Option 3: (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (B) - (1).

Correct option: (3) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (B) - (1)