Q.1
Dairy Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.103)
MCQ (Single Correct)
Foam stability is expressed as
Q.2
Dairy Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.111)
MCQ (Single Correct)
Stability of air cells in dairy foams is a typical example of

Dairy Technology Subjects

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General Agriculture

6 Topics
Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Technology of Milk and Milk Products

6 Topics
Market Milk Processing: Standardization, Pasteurization, UHT, Direct/Indirect Heating & ALP Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts Technology: Mix Formulation, Cryogenic Freezing, Overrun & Air Cells Traditional Indian Dairy Products: Khoa Types (Dhap, Pindi, Danedar), Chhana, Paneer & Confectionery Continuous Butter Making (Fritz-Eisenrich Process), Churning Physics & Phase Reversal Concentrated & Dried Dairy Products: Evaporated Milk, SCM, Spray Dried SMP & Solubility Index Dairy By-Products Technology: Whey Processing, Casein/Caseinates, MPC & Lactose Manufacture

Advances in Dairy Food Packaging

3 Topics
Food Packaging Materials & Barrier Properties: Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PET & Aluminium Foil Metal Cans & Corrugated Fibreboard (CFB): Tin-Free Steel (Chromium Coated) & Double-Wall CFB (5 layers) Biodegradable & Edible Films: Polysaccharide/Protein Polymers & Glycerol Plasticizers

Advances in Dairy Processing

5 Topics
Novel Evaporation & Drying Systems: Spinning Cone Column, Falling Film & Two-Fluid Atomization Thermal Processing Lethality Kinetics: D-Value, z-Value, F0-Value & Log Reduction Principles Infrared & Microwave Dairy Processing: Far-IR Molecular Vibration Heating & Dielectric Heating Non-Thermal Dairy Processing: High Pressure Processing (HPP), Pulsed Electric Fields & Ultrasound Advanced CIP Systems & Enzymatic Cleaners: Lipase-Based Detergents (Lumafast) & Biofilm Removal

Membrane Processing

4 Topics
Operational Dynamics & Membrane Maintenance: Anti-Telescoping Devices, Back-Flushing & Cross-Flow Membrane Separation Spectrum & Pore Hierarchy: RO, NF, UF & Microfiltration (MF) Membrane Materials & Thermal Stability: Polymeric PTFE (200°C), Polysulfone & Ceramic Membranes Milk Protein Fractionation by Membranes: Casein Micelle Isolation & Whey Demineralization

Rheology of Dairy Foods

5 Topics
Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) & Elastic Moduli: Young's, Shear, Bulk Modulus & Poisson's Ratio Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow & Time-Dependent Rheology: Thixotropic, Pseudoplastic & Herschel-Bulkley Viscoelastic Mechanical Models: Maxwell, Kelvin-Voigt & Burgers Spring-Dashpot Systems Dynamic Mechanical Analysis & Loss Factor: Storage Modulus, Loss Modulus & Damping Factor (Infinity) Stress Relaxation & Creep Behavior: Method of Successive Residuals & Relaxation Spectrum

Functional Foods and New Product Development

5 Topics
Mineral & Vitamin Fortification of Dairy Foods: Iron-Calcium Antagonism & Trace Minerals (Selenium) Prebiotic Fibers & Inulin Chemistry: Chicory Root Extraction, FOS & Synbiotic Formulations Sugar Substitutes & Polyols in Dairy Products: Maltitol, Caramelization Analogs & Sweetness Perception Functional Dairy Foods History & Development: Japanese FOSHU Origins & Health Claims Omega-3 Fatty Acids & Lipid Nutraceuticals: Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA), EPA/DHA & Health Roles

Biotechnology for Dairy Applications

3 Topics
Milk Clotting Proteases & Coagulant Performance: Calf Rennet High Specificity vs Microbial Coagulants Cheese Ripening Proteolysis: Primary vs Secondary Proteolysis, Curd Softening & Firmness Decrease Enzyme-Modified Cheese (EMC) Technology: Accelerated Ripening, Lipases, Proteases & Esterases

Technology of Food Emulsions, Foams and Gels

5 Topics
Dairy Flavor Chemistry & Off-Flavors: Light-Induced Oxidation, Methional & Ghee Residue Flavor Emulsion Stabilization & Surfactant Chemistry: Bancroft's Rule, HLB Scale & Interfacial Films Dairy Foams & Whipped Aerated Products: Protein-Lipid Air Cell Stabilization & Half-Life Kinetics Active Pectin & Hydrocolloid Gelation: Low-Methoxyl Pectin Divalent Cation Network & Syneresis Control Protein Cross-Linking & Acid Milk Gel Structure: Transglutaminase Action & Whey Syneresis Reduction

Legal and Quality Aspects for Milk and Milk Products

4 Topics
Quality Management & Occupational Safety: ISO 22000, ISO 45005 Workplace Safety & HACCP Auditing Dairy Contaminants & Chemical Residues: Heavy Metals, Antibiotics, Pesticides & Mycotoxins vs Saponins FSSAI Compositional Standards & Labelling: Market Milk, Cheese, Infant Foods & Fortification Limits Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) Isolation & Quality Markers: Kappa-Casein (106-169) Rennet Cleavage
Official PYQ Papers

Previous Year Papers of Dairy Technology

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10 Major Agriculture Exams Available

RPSC Agriculture Exams

5 Exams
Food Safety Officer Assistant Agriculture Officer Agriculture Officer RPSC Agriculture Research Officer RPSC AARO

RSSB Agriculture Exams

1 Exam
RSSB Agriculture Supervisor

National & PG Entrances

4 Exams
ICAR AIEEA PG CUET UG Rajasthan Agriculture Pre-PG ICAR JRF/SRF