Biopolymer films produced from native starch are naturally brittle and rigid due to extensive intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amylose and amylopectin chains.
Glycerol: A low-molecular-weight hydrophilic polyol ($C_3H_8O_3$) that functions as an effective plasticizer. It inserts between starch chains, disrupts hydrogen bonding, increases free volume and polymer chain mobility, thereby improving flexibility, elongation at break, and film ductility.
Waxes (candelilla) and shellac are hydrophobic barrier coatings, and cellulose is a reinforcing structural filler.
Correct Option: Option 4 (Glycerol).
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13
ICAR JRF Dairy Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following statements about maltitol is incorrect?
Maltitol ($C_{12}H_{24}O_{11}$) is a disaccharide polyol (sugar alcohol) produced commercially by the catalytic hydrogenation of maltose (obtained from enzymatically liquefied starch):
It does not form through a succession of caramelization-type reactions. Caramelization involves thermal pyrolysis and dehydration of reducing sugars producing complex brown heterocyclic polymers and volatile ketones/furans, not sugar alcohols.
Statement 4 is completely incorrect.
Correct Option: Option 4 (It forms through a succession of caramalization type reactions involving maltose).
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14
ICAR JRF Dairy Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following factor does not affect the taste perception of sugars?
Concentration: Follows a psychophysical sigmoidal dose-response curve.
Temperature: Sweetness intensity of fructose drops significantly at elevated temperatures due to mutarotation equilibrium shifts from $\beta$-D-fructopyranose (sweet) to $\beta$-D-fructofuranose (less sweet).
Bitter/Sour Compounds: Cross-modal taste suppression interactions suppress or alter perceived sweetness.
Amino Acids: Simple non-polar or non-gustatory amino acids do not alter the fundamental intrinsic taste perception mechanism of sugar molecules at standard oral receptor thresholds.
Correct Option: Option 4 (Amino acids).
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Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA): An essential omega-3 ($\omega-3$ or $n-3$) polyunsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons and 3 double bonds ($18:3, c9,c12,c15$). Its first double bond is situated at the 3rd carbon from the terminal methyl ($\omega$) end.
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