In slow sand filters, the primary purification mechanism occurs within the uppermost biological skin formed on the top 1–2 cm of the sand bed, known in sanitary engineering as the Schmutzdecke zone (German for "dirty layer").
Consists of a gelatinous matrix of algae, bacteria, protozoa, and plankton that metabolizes organic matter, traps particulates, and adsorbs pathogens. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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12
ICAR JRF Environmental Sciences 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which process of water treatment is done to avoid floating debris, branches, trees, or other large particles suspended in
water?
The initial physical preliminary treatment unit operation in water treatment plants.
Employs bar racks, coarse screens, or fine wire meshes to physically intercept and remove large floating debris, branches, logs, rags, and coarse suspended solids before water enters pumping and sedimentation basins. (Correct answer: Option 3)
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13
ICAR JRF Environmental Sciences 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
When Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) is greater than Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR), then which of the following occurs?
Municipal and industrial granular bed filters utilize high-purity silica sand, crushed anthracite coal, and dense garnet sand to construct single-media or multi-media dual filter beds.
Crushed rock is too coarse and irregular for fine granular filtration, being reserved for biological trickling filters and drain packings. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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