Unit 6

• Statement (I) is Correct: The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex statutory body in India established under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. Headed by the Prime Minister of India, it formulates national policies, guidelines, and plans for proactive disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness.
• Statement (II) is Correct: The Union Cabinet approved the comprehensive National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) on October 22, 2009, establishing a paradigm shift from relief-centric response to pre-disaster preparedness and risk reduction.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.

• Poliomyelitis $\rightarrow$ (IV) Virus: Caused by the Poliovirus (enterovirus family), an RNA virus transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through contaminated drinking water.
• Typhoid fever $\rightarrow$ (III) Bacteria: An acute enteric infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, contracted by ingesting sewage-polluted water or food.
• Amoebic dysentery $\rightarrow$ (II) Protozoa: Caused by the parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica, leading to intestinal amebiasis and ulceration.
• Hymenolepiasis $\rightarrow$ (I) Helminth: An intestinal cestode infestation caused by the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana, transmitted via ingestion of contaminated water containing oncosphere eggs.

Correct option: (1) (A) - (IV), (B) - (HIN), (C)- (H), (D) -