• Parasitic Forces on Tillage Implements:
• Parasitic Soil Forces: Resultant forces acting upon non-working stabilizing components such as the landside, plow sole, supporting gauge wheels, runners, or disc furrow wheels that hold the tool at uniform depth and alignment without directly cutting or pulverizing soil.
• Useful Soil Forces: Forces exerted directly on working tools (shares, shanks, moldboards, discs) required to deform, shear, lift, and invert the furrow slice.
• Draft: Horizontal force component acting parallel to the tractor's line of motion.
• Conclusion: Parasitic force (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Parasitic force