Backcross: The crossing of a first-generation hybrid ($F_1$) with one of its original parental genotypes (either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive).
cross specifically to the homozygous recessive parent is termed a test cross.
Correct Option: Option 4 (Back cross).
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Null Alleles: Arise due to point mutations or deletions within the primer-annealing flanking regions, preventing PCR amplification. Heterozygotes are mistakenly scored as homozygotes, causing apparent heterozygote deficiency.
Stutter Bands: In vitro slippage of Taq DNA polymerase during PCR amplification generates minor shadow or artifact bands (differing by multiples of the repeat motif length), complicating automated allele calling.
nalysis:
(Null alleles and Stutter bands): Correct.
Correct option: (4) Null alleles and Stutter bands
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Q.8
Fish Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.88)
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which is the best statement to describe polymorphism
Definition of Genetic Polymorphism (E. B. Ford / Cavalli-Sforza):
In genetics and population genetics, a gene or DNA marker locus is formally defined as polymorphic if the frequency of the most common allele is less than $0.99$, meaning that at least one alternative variant allele occurs at a frequency of $\gt 1\%$ (or $\gt 0.01$) in the population.
Variations occurring at frequencies $\lt 1\%$ are classified as rare spontaneous mutations rather than stable polymorphisms maintained by balanced selection or neutral drift.
nalysis:
(A variation of a gene or marker sequence present in >1% of the population): Correct.
Correct option: (4) A variation of a gene or marker sequence present in >1% of the population
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Dr. Lalji Singh (1947–2017), former Director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB, Hyderabad) and Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (BHU):
Isolated the Banded Krait Minor (Bkm) satellite DNA and developed the indigenous Bkm-derived probe for DNA fingerprinting in 1988.
This breakthrough established forensic DNA analysis in India, accepted in legal courts for paternity disputes and murder investigations.
nalysis:
(Dr. Lalji Singh): Correct.
Correct option: (3) Dr. Lalji Singh
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