Rates of synthesis and degradation of mRNAs (mRNA half-life, translation rate) and proteins (ubiquitin-proteasome pathway).
Protein Kinases: Catalyze post-translational phosphorylation of serine/threonine/tyrosine residues, altering the enzymatic activity, conformation, or localization of existing proteins, but do NOT directly establish the total protein composition (presence/absence/quantity) of the cell.
nalysis:
(protein kinases): Correct.
Correct option: (4) protein kinases
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Q.2
Fish Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.78)
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Primary microRNAs are RNAs with structures that are processed into mature miRNAs.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs ($pprox 21-23\text{ nucleotides}$) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by base-pairing with the $3'$-UTR of target mRNAs.
Primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs):
Transcribed by RNA polymerase II as long non-coding RNA transcripts containing a characteristic stem-loop (hairpin loop) structure.
In the nucleus, the microprocessor complex (Drosha + DGCR8) cleaves pri-miRNA into a $\approx 70\text{ nt}$ precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA).
Pre-miRNA is exported to the cytoplasm and diced by Dicer into mature $\approx 22\text{ nucleotide}$ (or bp duplex) functional miRNAs.
nalysis:
(non-coding; hairpin loop; 22 bp): Correct.
Correct option: (1) non-coding; hairpin loop; 22 bp
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