Interferons (IFNs): A family of inducible cytokine glycoproteins secreted by host somatic cells (including teleost leukocytes) primarily in response to viral infection.
Secreted IFNs bind to neighboring cell surface receptors, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to induce Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs like Mx protein, PKR), which inhibit viral replication and protein translation.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Virus infection).
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52
Fish Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Name the process of mating of F1 hybrid to one of its parents
Backcross: The crossing of a first-generation hybrid ($F_1$) with one of its original parental genotypes (either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive).
cross specifically to the homozygous recessive parent is termed a test cross.
Correct Option: Option 4 (Back cross).
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53
Fish Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Who invented the process of producing monoclonal antibodies ?
The hybridoma technology for producing monoclonal antibodies was developed in 1975 by Georges Köhler and César Milstein at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge.
They fused antibody-producing splenic B lymphocytes with immortal myeloma cells to create hybridomas secreting monospecific antibodies, for which they were awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Correct Option: Option 3 (Georges Kohler and César Milstein).
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54
Fish Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Polymerase chain reaction technique was invented by —-
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was conceived and developed in 1983 by American biochemist Kary B. Mullis at Cetus Corporation.
PCR allows exponential enzymatic amplification of specific target DNA sequences in vitro using thermostable DNA polymerase, earning Mullis the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Kary Mullis).
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RTG-2 (Rainbow Trout Gonad-2): The first continuous, permanent cell line established from a poikilothermic aquatic animal, derived from the gonads of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by Ken Wolf and M.C. Quimby in 1962.
RTG-2 is universally used in aquatic virology to isolate and culture fish viruses (e.g., IPNV, VHSV).
HeLa, Vero, and BHK21 are mammalian cell lines.
Correct Option: Option 1 (RTG-2).
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