Recombinant DNA Technology

• FASTA Sequence Format:
• FASTA Format: A text-based format for representing nucleotide or peptide sequences.
• The file begins with a single header/definition line that strictly starts with the greater-than symbol (">"), followed immediately by a unique sequence identifier (SeqID) and optional descriptive text.
• Correct Option: Option 1 (">", followed by a unique SeqID).

• Phred Quality Score Formula:
• The Phred quality score ($Q$) quantifies base-calling accuracy according to:

where $P$ is the probability that the base call is incorrect.

• For $Q = 20$:

• Phred score of 20 represents an accuracy of $99\%$, corresponding to a likelihood of 1 incorrect base call among 100 bases.
• ($Q=10 \rightarrow 1\text{ in } 10$; $Q=30 \rightarrow 1\text{ in } 1000$; $Q=40 \rightarrow 1\text{ in } 10000$).
• nalysis:
• (1 incorrect base call among 100 bases): Correct.

Correct option: (1) 1 incorrect base call among 100 bases

• 16S Metagenomic Amplicon Sequencing:
• 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing: Amplifies specific hypervariable regions (typically V3 and V4) using universal primers to profile microbial taxonomic composition and relative abundance in environmental samples.
• It is an amplicon marker-gene assay and does not sequence the full metagenome or yield novel functional genes. Discovering novel metabolic genes requires shotgun whole-metagenome sequencing.
• Correct Option: Option 2 (It yields novel genes from the sequenced microbes).