Squalene ($C_{30}H_{50}$) is a natural acyclic triterpene unsaturated hydrocarbon.
It is present in extraordinary concentrations (up to $60-80\%$ of liver oil) in the enlarged, lipid-rich livers of deep-sea sharks (family Squalidae and Centrophoridae, e.g., Centrophorus squamosus, Squalus acanthias).
In deep-sea sharks, the low-density squalene provides static hydrodynamic buoyancy in lieu of a swim bladder. Squalene is industrially harvested for cosmetics, skin therapeutics, and pharmaceutical adjuvant formulations.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Liver of sharks).
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Q.2
Fish Processing Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.91)
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which fish is mostly used for production of pearl essence
Pearl Essence (Guanine Crystals) from Ribbon Fish:
Pearl Essence (Guanine suspension): An iridescent material utilized in shimmering cosmetics, nail polishes, and artificial pearl manufacturing.
It consists of purified plate-like guanine and hypoxanthine crystals scraped from the shiny silvery skin and epidermis of Ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus).
Correct Option: Option 2 (Ribbon fish).
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Q.3
Fish Processing Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.96)
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
During processing of chitin, calcium and phosphorus is removed from washed prawn shell by treatment with
Chitin is extracted from dried shrimp and crab shell wastes through sequential chemical treatments:
Demineralization: Washed shells are treated with dilute hydrochloric acid ($1.25\text{ N } HCl$ at room temperature) to react with calcium carbonate ($\text{CaCO}_3$) and calcium phosphate, liberating soluble calcium chloride and carbon dioxide gas.
Deproteinization: Treated with dilute $NaOH$ ($3-5\%$) to extract residual proteins.
Correct Option: Option 1 (1.25 N Hydrochloric acid).
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Q.4
Fish Processing Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.97)
Fish scales consist of a collagenous fibril matrix impregnated with inorganic mineral deposits.
The mineral phase is composed of calcium-deficient Hydroxyapatite [$\text{Ca}_{10}(\text{PO}_4)_6(\text{OH})_2$], constituting approximately $40\% - 45\%$ of the dry scale weight, making fish scales a sustainable source for biomedical bone graft hydroxyapatite.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Hydroxyapatite).
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