Q.2
Essential fish habitats such as coral reefs are challenged because of
- Vulnerability of Coral Reef Ecosystems:
- Coral reefs are essential biogenic fish habitats that support high marine biodiversity and provide critical nursery grounds for reef-associated fishes.
- Thermal Stress & Bleaching: In tropical waters, increasing sea surface temperatures (SST) caused by global climate change trigger severe physiological thermal stress.
- When water temperatures exceed local summer maximums by $1-2^\circ\text{C}$ for sustained periods, corals expel their mutualistic photosynthetic endosymbionts (zooxanthellae, family Symbiodiniaceae), leading to widespread coral bleaching, starvation, disease susceptibility, and catastrophic habitat degradation.
- Correct Option: Option 1 (Increasing sea water temperature in tropical region).
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