96
During processing of chitin, calcium and phosphorus is removed from washed prawn shell by treatment with
Fish Processing Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
Official ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 solved question paper with verified bilingual step-by-step solutions.
97
Trepang is boiled, dried and smoked product of
98
The water boils at 0°C, if the pressure is reduced to
99
During the initial storage period, the decrease in the pH of the MAP is observed which is due to
100
Plata isa
Fish Biochemistry
5 Topics
Marine Lipids, PUFAs & Antioxidant Mechanisms: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA, DHA), Lipid Peroxidation, Prostaglandin Synthesis & Astaxanthin
Fish Muscle Proteins & Structural Biochemistry: Sarcoplasmic, Myofibrillar (Actomyosin), Stroma (Collagen) & Connective Mucopolysaccharides
Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN) & Biogenic Amines: Trimethylamine Oxide (TMAO), Urea, Free Amino Acids, Betaines, Octopine & Histamine/Cadaverine
Analytical Chromatography & Spectrometry in Seafood: High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), GC-MS, Flame Photometry & Chemical Profiling
Post-Mortem Rigor Mortis, Autolysis & Spoilage Enzymes: Glycolysis, ATP Breakdown, Cathepsins, Calpains, Bleeding & Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Fish Biology and Stock Assessment
6 Topics
Ecosystem Modeling, Remote Sensing & Marine GIS: ECOPATH with ECOSIM, Potential Fishing Zones (PFZ), Ocean Colour Sensors & Acoustic Biomass
Ichthyotaxonomy, Morphometrics & Anatomy: Finfish Classification, Meristic Characters, Larval Metamorphosis & Age Estimation via Otoliths
Trophodynamics & Feeding Ecology: Alimentary Canal Adaptations, Index of Relative Importance, Levins Niche Breadth Index & Trophic Levels
Reproductive Biology, Hermaphroditism & Maturation: Fecundity, Gonadosomatic Index, Protogyny, Diandry, Spawning Histology & Gynogenesis
Fish Growth, von Bertalanffy Model & Mortality: Length-Weight Relationship, Isometric/Allometric Growth, Total (Z), Natural (M) & Fishing (F) Mortality
Stock Assessment Models & Maximum Sustainable Yield: Surplus Production Models (Schaefer, Fox), Analytical Models, Linearized Catch Curve & MSY/MEY
Fish Curing, Value Addition and By-Products
6 Topics
Marine Bio-Polymers, Chitin, Chitosan & Squalene: Demineralization, Deproteinization, Deacetylation, Shark Liver Oil Squalene & Pearl Essence (Guanine)
Active
Salting, Drying & Water Activity Principles: Moisture Sorption Isotherms, Equilibrium Relative Humidity (ERH), Halophilic Bacteria & Salt Curing Methods
Fermented Fishery Products & Bio-Silage: Traditional Fermented Fish (Ngari, Hentak, Shidal), Lactic Acid Fermentation, Fish Silage & Organic Acids
Surimi Technology & Texturized Seafood Products: Water Leaching, Cryoprotectants (Sugar, Sorbitol, Polyphosphates), Heat-Induced Gelation & Kamaboko
Fish Smoking & Carcinogenic Compounds: Hot vs Cold Smoking, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH / Benzopyrene), Smoke Generation & Preservative Phenols
Seaweed Processing & Hydrocolloids: Agar-Agar, Alginates, Carrageenan (Irish Moss), Extruded Fish Snacks & Marine Nutraceuticals
Fisheries Livelihood
3 Topics
Gender Roles, Women in Fisheries & Welfare Schemes: Division of Labour, CEDAW, Gender Development Index (GDI), PMMSY & Microfinance Collectives
Fisher Community Livelihood Assets & Vulnerability: Sustainable Livelihood Approach (Human, Natural, Financial, Social, Physical Capitals) & Disaster Risk
Fisheries Extension, Institutions & Blue Economy: Extension Approaches, NFDB, Blue Revolution Initiatives, Primary Fisheries Co-operatives & Blockchain
Fisheries Management and Responsible Fisheries
3 Topics
Selective & Eco-Friendly Fishing Gears: Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRD), Turtle Excluder Devices (TED), Square Mesh Codends & Selectivity Curves
Fisheries Legislation, Treaties & Maritime Law: Territorial Waters, UNCLOS, High Seas Treaty, Indian Fisheries Act & Maritime Zones Act
Input, Output & Technical Management Controls: Mesh Size Regulations, Closed Fishing Seasons (Bans), Marine Fishing Regulation Acts & MSC
Fisheries Resources
3 Topics
Inland & Estuarine Fisheries Resources: Major Riverine Systems (Ganga, Brahmaputra), Coldwater Fisheries, Reservoir Fisheries & Estuaries
Aquatic Biodiversity, Endangered Species & Conservation: IUCN Red List, CITES, Marine Protected Areas, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere & Exotic Species
Global & Indian Marine Capture Fisheries: EEZ Potential, Continental Shelf Resources, Pelagic & Demersal Finfish/Shellfish Stocks
General Agriculture
6 TopicsLow and High Temperature Preservation
5 Topics
Chilling, Superchilling & Cold Storage Kinetics: Partial Freezing, Ice Types (Flake, Slurry), Latent Heat of Fusion, Insulated Fish Boxes & Quality Shelf Life
Freezing Engineering & Cryoprotection: Air Blast Freezing, Plate Freezing, Individual Quick Freezing (IQF), Cryogenic Freezing, Glazing & Freeze Denaturation
Thermal Processing & Commercial Sterilization: Canning Operations (Exhausting, Double Seaming Overlap), Thermal Death Kinetics (D, Z, F Values) & Retort Processing
Flexible Retort Pouches & Advanced Thermal Packaging: Multilayer Laminated Pouches (Polyester, Aluminium Foil, Cast Polypropylene) & Aseptic Processing
Canning Container Metallurgy & Lacquering: Tinplate Cans, Sulphur-Resistant (SR) Lacquers, Acid-Resistant Lacquers & Can Seam Defects
Microbiological and Quality Aspects of Fish and Fishery Products
5 Topics
International Quality Standards, HACCP & Export Regulations: Seven HACCP Principles, Codex Alimentarius, ISO 22000, FSSA 2006, MPEDA ELISA & Traceability
Chemical Additives, Contaminants & Residues: Sorbic Acid, Benzoates, Polyphosphates, Sulfites, Heavy Metals (Mercury, Lead, Cadmium) & Antibiotic Residues
Seafood Pathogenic Microbiology & Food Poisoning: Vibrio (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus), Salmonella, Listeria, Clostridium & E. coli O157:H7
Specific Spoilage Organisms (SSO) & Sensory Evaluation: Pseudomonas, Shewanella putrefaciens, Torrymeter, Quality Index Method (QIM) & Spoilage Volatiles
Seafood Parasitology, Biotoxins & Marine Intoxications: Anisakis simplex, Diphyllobothrium, Tetrodotoxin, Ciguatera, Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning & Depuration
Official PYQ Papers
Previous Year Papers of Fish Processing Technology
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2024
29-06-2024