Catadromous: Fishes that spend the adult feeding and somatic growth phase of their lives in freshwater and migrate downstream to the sea to spawn and breed (e.g., freshwater eels, Anguilla bengalensis, Anguilla rostrata).
Anadromous: Fishes that spend most of their life growing in the marine environment and migrate up into freshwater rivers to reproduce (e.g., Hilsa Tenualosa ilisha, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar).
Amphidromous: Fishes that migrate between fresh and salt water for reasons other than reproduction (e.g., juvenile feeding).
Potamodromous: Fishes whose migrations occur entirely within freshwater river systems.
Correct Option: Option 2 (Catadromous fish).
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7
ICAR JRF Fish Processing Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What distinguishes Euryhaline organisms from stenohaline organisms?
Euryhaline Organisms: Aquatic organisms possessing robust physiological and cellular osmoregulatory adaptations that enable them to tolerate a wide range of ambient salinities (e.g., Milkfish Chanos chanos, Barramundi Lates calcarifer, Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, Mullet Mugil cephalus).
Stenohaline Organisms: Organisms that can survive only within a narrow, restricted salinity range, lacking the osmoregulatory flexibility to withstand salinity shifts (e.g., pure freshwater carps or stenohaline reef corals).
Correct Option: Option 3 (Euryhaline organisms can adapt to a wide range of salinities, while stenohaline organisms can only tolerate narrow ranges).
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8
ICAR JRF Fish Processing Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
For small sized fish product individual quick freezing is best done by using
Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) of Small Fish Products:
Fluidized Bed Freezers: Operate by forcing refrigerated air (at $-35^\circ\text{C}$ to $-40^\circ\text{C}$) upward through a perforated conveyor mesh at a controlled high velocity ($2-5\text{ m/s}$).
The vertical air drag suspends and fluidizes small discrete food items (such as shrimp, small fish, fish balls, diced fish fillets), freezing them individually and uniformly in $3-15\text{ minutes}$ while preventing clumping, agglomeration, or belt sticking.
Air blast and tunnel freezers take longer and cause particle agglomeration.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Fluidized bed freezer).
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9
ICAR JRF Fish Processing Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which type of refrigerant is commonly used in seafood processing plants?
Ammonia ($R\text{-}717$, $NH_3$): The standard refrigerant in large-scale seafood processing factories, plate freezers, IQF tunnels, and cold storages.
Key Advantages:
High latent heat of vaporization ($1369\text{ kJ/kg}$ at $-33.3^\circ\text{C}$), requiring smaller refrigerant circulation rates.
Environmentally benign: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential ($\text{ODP} = 0$) and zero Global Warming Potential ($\text{GWP} = 0$).
Self-alarming pungent odor for rapid leak detection and low capital operational cost.
Correct Option: Option 2 (Ammonia).
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10
ICAR JRF Fish Processing Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
After freezing, the frozen blocks of fish/shrimp are again dipped in ice cold water to
Glazing: The post-freezing operation of dipping or spraying frozen blocks of fish, fillets, or peeled shrimp with chilled potable water (at $1^\circ\text{C} - 2^\circ\text{C}$).
thin, uniform protective ice layer ($6\% - 10\%$ by weight) forms around the frozen product.
Purpose:
Prevents Dehydration: Protects the surface from sublimative moisture loss and "freezer burn" during frozen cold storage.
Prevents Oxidative Rancidity: Forms an impermeable barrier that denies atmospheric oxygen access to sensitive muscle lipids.
Correct Option: Option 3 (Prevent dehydration and help in preventing oxidative rancidity).
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