• Neonatal Reflexes: Rooting Reflex:
• Rooting Reflex:
• An involuntary primitive survival reflex present in healthy full-term neonates from birth up to approximately 4 months of age.
• When an infant's cheek or corner of the mouth is gently stroked or touched, the baby automatically turns the head toward that side, opens the mouth, and makes sucking movements to latch onto the breast nipple.
• Other Primitive Reflexes:
• Moro reflex: Startle response involving arm extension and crying upon sudden drop.
• Grasping (Palmar) reflex: Spontaneous finger curling when palm is touched.
• Babinski reflex: Upward dorsiflexion of the big toe upon stroking the sole.
• Conclusion: Rooting reflex (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) Rooting reflex

• WHO Diagnostic Criteria for Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM):
• In children aged 6 to 59 months, SAM is diagnosed based on any one of three primary clinical criteria:

• Weight-for-height / length Z-score (WHZ): $\lt -3\text{ SD}$ below WHO growth standards (severe wasting).
• Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC): $\lt 115\text{ mm}$ ($11.5\text{ cm}$).
• Bilateral pitting oedema (indicative of edematous malnutrition or kwashiorkor).
  • The presence of bilateral pitting oedema is an independent diagnostic criterion; even without anthropometric wasting, an edematous child is classified as SAM.

• Conclusion: Oedema (Option 4).

• Identification of High-Risk Pregnancies:
• Low Maternal BMI ($\lt 18.5\text{ kg/m}^2$): Maternal undernutrition and low pre-pregnancy BMI ($18\text{ kg/m}^2$) significantly elevate risks of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight ($\lt 2,500\text{ g}$), and preterm delivery.
• Multiple pregnancies (twins/triplets): High-risk condition carrying elevated risks of pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, anemia, polyhydramnios, and neonatal morbidity.
• Normal parameters: A prior birth weight of $2.5\text{ kg}$ (C) is standard non-LBW weight; infant deaths in the first year (A) require clinical investigation but BMI and multiple gestations are definitive obstetrical risk criteria.
• Conclusion: (B) and (D) only (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) (B) and (D) only.

Matching the items of List I with List II for Nutritional problems of vulnerable segments – pregnant and lactating women:

The correct combination is Option 3: (A) - (V), (B) - (ll), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I),.

Correct option: (3) (A) - (V), (B) - (ll), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I),