• Manufacture of Synthetic and Regenerated Fibers via Dry Spinning:
• Dry Spinning Process:
• The fiber-forming polymer is dissolved in a volatile organic solvent (e.g., cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone).
• The polymer dope is extruded through spinneret orifices into a vertical spinning tower where a counter-current stream of warm air evaporates the solvent, solidifying continuous filaments.
• Comparison of Spinning Systems:
• Dry spinning: Cellulose Acetate, Spandex, Acrylic.
• Melt spinning: Nylon, Polyester, Polypropylene.
• Wet spinning: Viscose Rayon, Cuprammonium Rayon.
• Conclusion: Acetate (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Acetate

• Textile Classification: Velvet vs Napped vs Flocked Fabrics:
• Assertion (A): Velvet is a napped fabric. $\implies$ Incorrect.
• Velvet is a warp pile fabric constructed with an extra set of warp yarns forming upright loops that are subsequently cut to produce a dense upright pile, whereas napped fabrics (e.g., flannel) are plain or twill fabrics brushed with wire rollers to raise existing yarn fiber ends.
• Reason (R): It is produced by attaching very short fibers to the surface of the fabric. $\implies$ Incorrect.
• Attaching short chopped fibers (flock) to an adhesive-coated fabric substrate using electrostatic charge is called flocking, not pile weaving or napping.
• Conclusion: Both (A) and (R) are incorrect (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect

• Cross-Dyeing and Solid-Shade Dyeing of Fiber Blends:
• Assertion (A): It is possible to dye textiles containing fibres having different dye affinity, with one solid colour using a single dye bath. $\implies$ Correct.
• In blend dyeing (e.g., polyester/cotton or wool/acrylic blends), union dyeing produces a uniform solid shade throughout the fabric from a single dye bath containing compatible dye classes.
• Reason (R): Dyes having affinity for different fibre types can be used to produce one solid colour. $\implies$ Correct.
• By formulating a combination of disperse dyes (for polyester) and reactive dyes (for cellulose) tailored to each fiber component's specific chemical affinity, both components absorb their respective chromophores at equal visual depths, yielding a solid uniform color.
• Conclusion: Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).