Food Quality Management

• Etiology of the Toxic Oil Syndrome ('Spanish Olive Oil Syndrome'):
• Historical Epidemic (1981):
• In Spain, over 20,000 individuals suffered acute multi-system disease and respiratory failure.
• Traced to the illegal diversion and human consumption of industrial denatured rapeseed oil imported for industrial lubricant use, contaminated with toxic oleyl-anilide derivatives.
• Conclusion: Rapeseed oil (Option 4).

Correct option: (4) Rapeseed oil

• Etiology of Mad Honey Poisoning (Honey Intoxication):
• Natural Neurotoxin:
• Caused by the ingestion of wild honey produced from the nectar and pollen of plants belonging to the family Ericaceae, predominantly Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum.
• Contains polyhydroxylated cyclic diterpenes known as Grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins).
• Grayanotoxins bind voltage-gated sodium channels in cell membranes, preventing inactivation and causing profound bradycardia, hypotension, and central nervous depression.
• Conclusion: Grayanotoxins (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Grayanotoxins