Forest Mensuration

• Sentinel-2 MSI Sensor Specifications:
• The Multispectral Instrument (MSI) aboard the European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite constellation features 13 spectral bands:
• bands at 10 m resolution (Blue, Green, Red, NIR)
• 6 bands at 20 m resolution (4 Red Edge bands, 2 SWIR bands)
• bands at 60 m resolution (Coastal aerosol, Water vapor, Cirrus). (Correct answer: Option 2)

• Basal Area Calculation in Bitterlich Point Sampling:

$$\text{Stand Basal Area } (G) = BAF \times \left(\text{Tally Trees} + 0.5 \times \text{Borderline Trees}\right)$$

• Calculation with $BAF = 2\text{ m}^2/\text{ha}$:
• In-trees (tally) = 13
• Borderline trees = 4 (each counting as 0.5)

$$G = 2 \times (13 + 0.5 \times 4) = 2 \times (13 + 2) = 2 \times 15 = 30\text{ m}^2/\text{ha}$$

• Conclusion: Stand basal area is 30 m²/ha. (Correct answer: Option 4)

• Statement (I) is Incorrect: In multiphase sampling (e.g., double sampling for stratification), preliminary observations on auxiliary variables are taken on a large sample, but detailed, intensive tree measurements are taken only on a smaller sub-sample, not the whole population.
• Statement (II) is Incorrect: In multistage sampling, sampling units at each successive stage are distinct hierarchical subsets (e.g., primary sampling units like compartments, secondary units like plots), not identical repeated measurements on the same tree.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect

• Thornthwaite Moisture Index ($I_m$) Scale (1948):
• Perhumid ($A$): $I_m \ge 100$
• Humid ($B_4$ to $B_1$): $I_m = 20 \text{ to } 100$ ($B_2$-Humid corresponds to 40 to 80)
• Moist Subhumid ($C_2$): $I_m = 0 \text{ to } 20$
• Dry Subhumid ($C_1$): $I_m = -33.3 \text{ to } 0$ (or $-20 \text{ to } 0$)
• Semiarid ($D$): $I_m = -66.7 \text{ to } -33.3$
• Arid ($E$): $I_m = -100 \text{ to } -66.7$
• Systematic Matching:
• $B_2$-Humid corresponds to 40 to 80
• E-Arid corresponds to -100 to -66.7
• D-Semiarid corresponds to -66.7 to -33.3
• $C_2$-Moist subhumid corresponds to 0 to 20.

Correct option: (3) (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (IN), (B)- (1)