Forests & Forest Policy

• Botanical Families of Important Forestry Tree Species:
• Santalum album (East Indian Sandalwood): Hemiparasitic fragrant tree belonging to family Santalaceae $\rightarrow$ (I)
• Tectona grandis (Teak): Renowned hardwood timber species historically placed in Verbenaceae, now placed in Lamiaceae $\rightarrow$ (II)
• Populus deltoides (Eastern Cottonwood / Poplar): Fast-growing agroforestry tree belonging to family Salicaceae $\rightarrow$ (III)
• Quercus leucotrichophora (Banj Oak): Keystone Himalayan broadleaved tree belonging to family Fagaceae $\rightarrow$ (IV)
• Systematic Match: (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) corresponds to Option 1.

Correct option: (1) , (C) - (IV), (D) - (HN)

• Physiological Basis of Growing Degree Days (GDD):
• Thermal time and heat unit calculations stem from biochemical thermodynamics: enzymatic reaction rates in plants double with every 10 °C temperature rise within physiological limits ($Q_{10} \approx 2$).
• This temperature-rate dependency originates from van 't Hoff's law / Arrhenius rule governing chemical reaction kinetics. (Correct answer: Option 4)