Quantitative & Biometrical Genetics

‘Two white-flowered lines of sweet peas were crossed to produce F. The F; plants produce only red flowers. Random mating among F; plants produced 192 plants, 106 of which had red flowers and 86 of which had white flowers. What will be the expected frequency of red coloured F2 plants which will segregate in 3 red and 1 white coloured flower in Fz: generation

The mutant line with herbicide tolerance in rice is

The nature of gain of function mutations are generally