Livestock Products Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Thermal Denaturation of Egg Proteins:
• Egg White (Albumen): Contains ovalbumin, conalbumin (ovotransferrin), and ovomucoid. Conalbumin begins denaturation at $57^\circ\text{C}$, and egg white coagulates into an opaque white gel at $62^\circ\text{C} - 65^\circ\text{C}$.
• Egg Yolk: Contains lipovitellin, livetin, and phosvitin. Yolk proteins begin thickening at $65^\circ\text{C}$ and undergo firm coagulation at $65^\circ\text{C} - 70^\circ\text{C}$.
• nalysis:
• (62 °C and 65 °C): Correct coagulation temperatures.

Correct option: (2) 62 °C and 65 °C

• Production of Omega-3 Enriched Designer Eggs:
• Avian lipid metabolism is unique because unlike ruminants (where rumen biohydrogenation saturates dietary lipids), laying hens directly absorb dietary fatty acids and incorporate them intact into hepatic very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-yolk).
• Dietary inclusion of marine fish oils, fish meal, or microalgal biomass rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA) directly and markedly elevates the $\omega-3$ fatty acid content of egg yolk lipids.
• nalysis:
• Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) provides the physiological explanation for (A). Hence, Option 1 is correct.

• Wool Processing - Carding and Combing:
• In the worsted wool manufacturing system, wool fibers pass through circular or rectilinear comb machinery:
• Tops: The desirable long, straight, parallel fibers retained and wound into continuous slivers for spinning into fine worsted yarn.
• Noils: The short, tangled, irregular fibers and knotty neps combed out as a secondary product, subsequently used in woollen blends and felts.
• nalysis:
• (Noils): Correct term for short combed-out fibers.

Correct option: (2) Noils