1
ICAR JRF Microbiology 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
After performing Schaeffer-Fulton method of differential staining, the vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis will appear as

Microbiology Subjects

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General Agriculture

6 Topics
Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Basic Biochemistry and Biomolecules

3 Topics
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Structure, Classification, and Conformation Cell Structure, Biomembranes, and Bioenergetics Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structure, Stereochemistry, and Properties

Cell Organelles and Water Relations

2 Topics
Plant Cell Architecture, Organelles, Cytoskeleton and Membrane Transport Ascent of Sap, Transpiration, Stomatal Mechanics and Guttation

Cell Structure and Function

2 Topics
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Architecture, Organelles and Subcellular Fractionation Cell Cycle Regulation, Checkpoints, Signal Transduction and Apoptosis

History of Microbial World

3 Topics
Historical Milestones, Spontaneous Generation, Germ Theory and Vaccine Development Soil Microbiology Pioneers: Winogradsky, Beijerinck and Nitrogen Fixation Discovery Microbial Taxonomy, Bergey's Manual Systems and Cyanobacterial Classification

Basic Microbiological Techniques

4 Topics
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Disc Diffusion, MIC and Antibiotic Assays Food Safety Systems, HACCP Principles, Milk Quality and Microbial Standards Culture Media Formulations, Pure Culture Isolation, Lyophilization and Preservation Fermentation Technologies, Bioreactor Kinetics, Scale-Up and Aeration (OTR)

Biomolecules and Metabolism

1 Topic
Amino Acids, Protein Folding, Heat Shock Proteins and Secondary Metabolites

Intermediary Metabolism

2 Topics
Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, Glyoxylate Pathway, and Gluconeogenesis Lipid Metabolism, Beta-Oxidation, and Ketone Bodies

Metabolic Processes and Growth Regulation

2 Topics
Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Lipid Metabolism and Assimilation Plant Respiration, Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, and Alternative Oxidase

Enzymes, Vitamins and Hormones

1 Topic
Coenzymes, Isozymes, and Vitamins

Enzymology

1 Topic
Enzyme Classification, Kinetics, Inhibition and Allostery

Microbial Physiology

6 Topics
Microbial Secondary Metabolism, Industrial Enzymes, Vitamins and Fermented Foods Bacterial Motility Systems: Flagellar Mechanics, Type IV Pili and Chemotaxis Chemolithotrophy, Iron/Sulfur Oxidation and Archaeal Retinal Proteins Bacterial Cell Envelope: Peptidoglycan, Gram-Negative Outer Membrane and LPS Active Bacterial Endospores: Sporulation Stages, Dipicolinic Acid, SASPs and Heat Resistance Nitrogen Fixation Biochemistry: Nitrogenase Isoforms (Mo/V/Fe) and Regulation

Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants

1 Topic
Drought and Water Deficit Stress Physiology and Osmotic Adjustment

Microbial Genetics

4 Topics
Bacterial Replication Timing, Plasmids, Incompatibilities and Shuttle Vectors Chemical Mutagenesis, Base Analogs, Deamination and Alkylating Agents Two-Component Regulatory Systems, Osmoregulation and Catabolite Control Bacteriophage Biology, Transpositional Phage Mu and Phage Genetics

Molecular Biology

1 Topic
DNA and RNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Molecular Genetics

1 Topic
Gene Concept, Split Genes, Overlapping Genes and Operon Regulation

Gene Expression

1 Topic
Central Dogma, DNA Replication Machinery and Replication Origins

Plant Growth Regulators and Plant Development

2 Topics
Auxins and Cytokinins: Biosynthesis, Transport, Signaling and Morphogenesis Abscisic Acid, Ethylene, and Jasmonates: Signaling and Stress Responses

Soil Microbiology

5 Topics
Symbiotic Associations: Mycorrhizae (VAM/Ecto), Rhizobia and Endophytic Diazotrophs Soil Microbial Biomass, Soil Health Indicators and Microbial Respiration Carbon Biogeochemistry, Cellulose Digestion and Lignin Decomposition Soil Nitrogen Transformations: Mineralization, Nitrification and Eukaryotic Denitrification Soil Sulfur and Phosphorus Dynamics: Mineralization, Oxidation and Solubilization

Techniques in Biochemistry

1 Topic
Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Radioisotope Techniques

Microbial Diversity and Ecology

4 Topics
Wastewater Treatment (Bardenpho Process), Xenobiotics and Pesticide Biodegradation Molecular Microbial Ecology: Metatranscriptomics, GeoChip and Molecular Phylogenetics Biomining, Bioleaching of Sulfide/Gold Ores and Acid Mine Drainage Microbial Interspecies Interactions: Mutualism, Commensalism, Predation and Amensalism

Mineral Nutrition

1 Topic
Essential Plant Nutrients: Classification, Essentiality Criteria and Biochemical Roles

Molecular Biology Techniques

2 Topics
DNA Sequencing Technologies, High-Throughput Genomics and Proteomics Electrophoresis, Centrifugation, Chromatography and Protein Estimation

Molecular Biology

1 Topic
DNA Repair Pathways, Ribosomes and Catalytic RNAs (Ribozymes)

Plant Metabolic Processes

1 Topic
Mineral Nutrition, Nitrogen Fixation, and Assimilation

Seed Physiology

2 Topics
Seed Development, Reserve Mobilization, and Desiccation Tolerance Seed Germination, Seed Vigour and Physiological Seed Dormancy

Physiology of Flowering and Reproduction

1 Topic
Photoperiodism, Phytochromes and Floral Induction (Florigen)

Plant Molecular Biology

1 Topic
Plant Genome Organization, Organellar DNA, and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

Plant Biotechnology / Genetic Engineering

2 Topics
Recombinant DNA Technology, Cloning Vectors, and Enzymes Plant Genetic Transformation, Transgenics, and Genome Editing

Tissue Culture

1 Topic
Haploids, Embryo Rescue, Protoplast Fusion and Germplasm Repositories

Plant Genetic Engineering

2 Topics
Plant Transformation Systems: Agrobacterium T-DNA and Direct Gene Delivery Transgenic Crop Technologies, Biofortification and Trait Engineering

Molecular Markers and Genomics

1 Topic
Molecular Marker Systems, Genetic Diversity and Mapping Populations
Official PYQ Papers

Previous Year Papers of Microbiology

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10 Major Agriculture Exams Available

RPSC Agriculture Exams

5 Exams
Food Safety Officer Assistant Agriculture Officer Agriculture Officer RPSC Agriculture Research Officer RPSC AARO

RSSB Agriculture Exams

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RSSB Agriculture Supervisor

National & PG Entrances

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ICAR AIEEA PG CUET UG Rajasthan Agriculture Pre-PG ICAR JRF/SRF